Abuse of power Vs Spiritual Redemption Essay

The Tempest is full of different themes that work perfectly to bring out the mastery of Shakespeare. However, two themes that stand out in the play, and they have been the source of much debate over the years. Both themes are backed with incredible, pinpoint accurate evidence over the dominance of the other. Over the years, scholars have found it hard to settle on one theme being dominant over the other, but with an analysis of the evidence presented on both counts, the decision is left to the reader of the play or the audience for that matter. The first theme that stands out is; spiritual redemption and goodwill. It can be explained in the play through the character Prospero whereby he struggles, loses his kingdom, finds another and learns from his past in order not to have history repeat itself. In the world crested by The Tempest, through Prospero, Shakespeare tries to examine the human condition of sin, redemption and goodwill. At the beginning of the play, the audience is made aware that Prospero was a Duke of Milan but his brother Antonio, with the king’s consent, took his Dukedom away from him. During his tenure as Duke, Prospero was more concerned with education and magic than he was ruling his kingdom. For this reason, Antonio was able to take advantage and win over the hearts of the people of Milan, which consequently led to the usurping of Prospero from his dukedom, but with help from the King of Naples. Prospero was then exiled with his daughter Miranda, on a wrecked boat where they ended up on an island. Here, Prospero learned the values of authority by turning Caliban into a slave under his command. At one point, his slave alongside two other men tried to kill him but he manipulated them and changed their minds completely. When the shipwrecked men had been brought to him, he could have chosen to exact his revenge and kill them, but he was kind to them. In so doing, Prospero found redemption for his sin as a previously failed ruler. The other theme that stands out is that of Colonial Abuse of Power. In almost every scene, there is a portrayal of power whereby there is a character that has power over the other. The relationship of Prospero and Caliban is that of master and slave and this stands out throughout the play, where Caliban submits to Prospero. The Tempest brings to light the theme of colonization when in 1610, the Sea Adventure to Virginia ended in shipwreck in Bermuda. Also, the anagram of the name Caliban is derived from the name cannibal which shows a difference in cultures. This also shows that Caliban was the native of the island that Prospero had asserted himself as king. Propsero’s relationship with Ariel also demonstrated the intense theme of power. Ariel is a spirit but she is submissive to Prospero, by saying â€Å"All hail, Great master† In both themes, there is enough evidence to warrant a discussion, but to my opinion, I think that the theme of spiritual redemption and goodwill is most dominant. Primarily, this is because the use and abuse of power is an age-old tradition that never seizes. However, the act of Prospero showing mercy stands out because as royalty, there is a need to show humility and making decisions not out of feeling, but out of reason. Thus, the theme of spiritual redemption and goodwill is most convincing in all manners and rights. Source document

Arts or Protection of Enviroment

Obviously, both of these two choices have their own reasons that our society could get benefits from each of them. In the past several decades, remarkable achievements have been made in the arts, while our natural environments are increasingly getting worse and even more difficult to handle. Under these current circumstances, I believe that it is not so hard to make decision about this question. The company should choose to protect the environment.The first and the most important thing is that we must survive on this planet that allows us almost every possibility, including supporting the arts or something like. These days, our natural environments are under the threats of contamination, global warming, extinction of species, etc. For example, the oil leaking on the Gulf of Mexico, has contaminated a large amount of sea area. And this not only has a negative effect on ocean-life, also it has influence on our life strongly. Therefore, it is very worthy to costing some money to protect the environment.Furthermore, spending some money on protecting the environment is a good investment to a company. It is from fact that our every activity is based on our environment. As far as I am concerned, if the company spends some money on environmental friendly issue, it will gain more public attention and earn more supports by which the company could grasp the best opportunity to develop more successfully. In return, the company would also do more and more things that good to the environment.Finally, giving some money to protect the environment is one thing, and doing the precedent to protect environment is quiet another. If a company take a good example for protecting environment, it is easy to imagine that this successful precedent will provoke the public and also other companies to protect our brittle environment. By means of this, I believe that more environmental protection programs which are running for our wellbeing will come into being. In view of the above concerns, the company should choose to protect the environment rather than to support the arts.

The Leaving Summary

This is a short story written by Budge Wilson name â€Å"The Leaving†. At the beginning of the story, the narrator of the story who is a 12 year old little girl named Sylvie is suddenly woken up in the early in the morning by her mom. On the other hand, her mom who is a housewife named Elizabeth asked her to get ready for a trip but she is too lazy to wake up since it's a Sunday morning. So her mother forces her to wake up and get some clothes together. Once she is ready they leave and begin walking towards town, Sylvie was very curious and began to ask questions about where they were going but her mother did not answer.They then hopped on a train and made their way to Halifax, but Sylvie had not known yet. On the train she was still asking questions and Elizabeth was still not answering. They finally arrived in Halifax and they first went to a cheap hotel room, Sylvie thought that the place was amazing just because of the simple things like running water. Elizabeth had alread y planned what they were going to do here in the big city, so they set off. They went around town, and wound up at the university Elizabeth told Sylvie all about it.They returned to a dirty house filled with dirty dishes, as soon as they walked in the door Lester Elizabeth’s husband demanded she do the dishes, not calling her Elizabeth but only calling her women. Once she was fed up with it she stood up for her self demanding that she be called her name and that the boys help with cleaning, and also to be respected. Sylvie saw all this and knew there is a better way to live your life so she went on to university, and is living a good life.

Cyber securiy and cloudl computing Research Proposal

Cyber securiy and cloudl computing - Research Proposal Example several information technology (IT) based processing including cloud computing, social media networking, international communication, and global positioning system (GPS) navigation. Another aspect of the revolution is accessibility of the internet, whereby it has become easier for a person to have access to the internet today than two decades back. With the use of media devices such as smart phones, smart watches, and tablet computers, the internet is today one of the most portable technological inventions that can fit into every corner and space (Ziltrain, 2008). Indeed it cannot be denied that the revolution that has characterised the internet has several benefits to offer the ordinary user. In the estimation of Rehmeyer (2007), not only does the use of the internet today offers advantages but that the absence or non-usage of the internet comes with so much discomfort and disadvantages. Even though this position cannot be debated, the risks and vulnerabilities that the complexity o f the internet poses to individual, organisations and nations cannot be denied. In the opinion of Owens and Lin (2009), the best way to make the most out of the internet in today’s complex dynamic Web 2.0 environment is to ensure adequate cyber security for users. Without this, the list of how beneficial the internet is in today’s environment can go on but the real value that is expected to be derived may never be achieved to its fullest. The reason for this claim is that as news of cyber breaches continues to flood the airwaves, people become sceptical about their fate in using the complex and dynamic Web 2.0 for various purposes including cloud computing and electronic commerce (e-commerce) (Ziltrain, 2008). In such an atmosphere of mistrust and fear, the Web 2.0 will be seen as useful only for some of the most conventional purposes that come with limited or no risk such as gaming, information search, and downloading. Meanwhile as it has been hinted already, there are several

The benefits and challenges of globalization for both companies and Literature review

The benefits and challenges of globalization for both companies and national economies - Literature review Example Unlike in the past, today governments are promoting foreign competition and investment in the local economies. Globalization has had both positive and negative impact on businesses and national economies. While some companies and economies have hugely benefited from globalization, others have been on the receiving end. This paper is aimed at identifying the various benefits and challenges of globalization to both companies and national economies. Globalization has really made the world a small place and it is the businesses that have benefitted the most out of this. Globalization has opened new markets and opportunities for the companies. Globalization has increased the opportunity for revenue generation as companies can now establish business opportunities in foreign markets through subsidiaries and partnerships. They can even export goods and products to new markets outside of their domestic market increasing generation of revenue by manifold. Companies have access to resources that were earlier not accessible. Raw materials, skills, man power are now easily and cheaply accessible to companies from different counties. The resources which were either not present or expensive in the parent country can be now be accessed in other countries anywhere in the world. Cheap labor available in South Asian countries as a result of globalization is an example of this which many big companies in the developed countries in the west have effectively. China has transformed into a manufacturing hub for companies around the world due to cheap labor and friendly trade policies. Companies have markets across boundaries for their products and services. Access to new markets has opened greater opportunity for growth and expansion. Globalization has allowed companies to reach a wider audience and develop a larger customer base. Companies are no more handicapped by competing in a matured market. They can always find new markets and

Answering the given questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Answering the given questions - Assignment Example Venezuela mainly adopted capital controls so as to protect its domestic economy from the volatile or unpredictable capital movements. The sole aim of doing so was to allow full domestic employment and maximizing of social welfare, saving of foreign exchange  and keeping both international and domestic finances under the national control. Generally, the motivations at the back capital controls often ranged from the rising revenues, buying time for managing a speculative aggression, and the international monetary transformation.   On the other hand, controls were adopted in Venezuela due to its provision of a substitute for insufficient solvency supervision regarding banks and all the other financial firms, reduction of the amount of unstable temporary foreign credits with regards to the prevailing economy, and the aspect of limitation with regards to international financier’s power (Knight & Satchell, 2007).   From the Venezuela’s case, there can be a cognitive distinction between the black and gray market. Black market is often not a physical region or place, but is rather a fiscal activity whereby goods and/or services are transacted illegally. On the other hand, gray market refers to a commodity trade through the distribution channels in which, as much as they can be legal, they are unofficial, unintended, or unauthorized by the primary manufacturer (Knight & Satchell, 2007).  The Santiago’s financial analysis is based on its choices and can be summarized in a simple manner. The entire financial mishap was due to the attempt of trying to meet the U.S Dollar obligation. This was after a transaction that saw the disbursement of $30000 worth products from a U.S based vendor to a specific customer who went to the extent of reselling it. He then opted for a dollar exchange through a gray market whereby there was an involvement in a deposit of up to 20%. This deal was hence s ealed after two business days. The un-official gray market

W2 DQ Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

W2 DQ - Assignment Example This intervention in diplomacy happened from the highest levels, with no less than Powell and Armitage, the highest and most key officials in the US defense establishment, intervening and securing the guarantees of no less than President Musharraf that he would, with all the might of his position, stop the infiltration. Having secured this, the US officials then turned around and made public the pledge to the Indian government, while they were in India. This one maneuver is said to be responsible for the gradual de-escalation of the conflict and the averting of what could have been a deadly turn of events between the two countries. One can see from this episode that while the diplomatic intervention was quite late, having arrived when the two parties were already on a tension level that was dangerously close to a full-scale war, America as the third party had within its means to diffuse the tension, and act as a superpower and disinterested party to which both Pakistan and India can turn to as a kind of referee. There is no lack of political will, at least on the part off the United States, and at least in this one instance. Though it came a bit late, this one incident can be looked at as a kind of reminder that if needed, at least the US can be counted on to rise to the occasion again. Elsewhere too we see that the US was also instrumental in trying to apply the lessons from the Cold War by trying to get the two countries to participate in CSBMs, or Confidence and Security Building Measures (Nayak and Kepron, 2006, pp. 13-22; Khan, 2002). On one level, the analogy of the Pakistan-India relations with that of the US and Soviet Union are valid, to the point where theories on deterrence, and dealing with the paradox known as â€Å"stability-instability† as it applies to the two South Asian countries. The literature is expanding, and is being used as reference to deal with the complex dilemmas facing India and Pakistan, as far as deterrence

Global warming Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Global warming - Research Paper Example What makes their excess in the atmosphere particularly dangerous is their function. They serve as a blanket for the sun rays after they reach the Earth, so that they can not radiate back to the space (Kayne). The tremendous energy stored in the sun rays thus adds to the heat of the environment, and the temperature of the Earth rises in general. The rising temperature has many repercussions. As the temperature is going up, glaciers are melting away, thus adding to the sea water. There has been a considerable rise in the sea level over the past few centuries. The excess water floods out of the sea and causes damage to life and property on Earth. Every year, several tsunamis happen in different parts of the world. Much of the natural disasters can be attributed to the global warming. Moreover, global warming is depriving the polar bears of their habitat. As glaciers melt away, polar bears find it difficult to

A Low Cost CSR Campaign Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

A Low Cost CSR Campaign - Assignment Example Since Washington, D.C. is one of the well-developed cities of the world, residents usually encounter the mice problem along with the damage caused due to inhabitation of mice within the house. The Mus musculus or the house mouse is considered to be one of the most difficult and costly rodents within the United States especially Washington D.C. House mice flourish under diverse conditions such as in and around commercial structures and homes and commercial structures as well as on agricultural land and in open fields. House mice deplete and contaminate food intended for pets, humans, livestock, or other animals. Moreover, they cause substantial damage to property and structures, and they can convey microorganisms that induce diseases like salmonellosis, a kind of food poisoning. The house mouse is one of the most victorious rodents in accommodating to live with humans. It is detected almost anyplace humans are, feeding upon human food, taking refuge in human structures, and procreating at a noteworthy rate. It can be regarded as the most difficult and economically significant vertebrate pest, polluting food value in millions of dollars, detrimental possessions, and getting electrical fires with its ceaseless gnawing. House mice are a frequent problem in all types of businesses and in homes. Approximately every resident of this large metropolitan can remember times when he/ she were annoyed by mice. They are inflictions to both poor and rich alike. The persistent drain imposed by house mice on stored fiber and food and the impairment they induce to personal belongings are the most severe economic threats. Thus it can be said that the problem is so huge that providing a solution will help the residents of Washington D.C. and it will be a sigh of relief.  

Business Financial Analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Business Financial Analysis - Assignment Example Insurance industry has become one of the most fundamental sectors in the performance of any economy. Businesses, private organizations, and individuals all insure their products and property to shield them from recording significant losses and potential threats to going concern problem.The choice of state farm insurance has been propelled by the better ranking and the immense interests that investors have on the insurance segment of the economy. Any economic sector that fails to develop robust insurance firms and businesses are bound to record losses that arise due to the uncertain nature of operations.This paper therefore analyze the financial performance of state farm insurance, its performance in the industry, products, and leadership styles that have been pursued by the company to achieve the core objectives. State farm insurance was founded with the core object of providing insurance to the automotives of farmers before it later ventured into other services provision and increas ed its products range. The company recorded significant growth in the lifetime and is one of the top ranked companies according to the Fortune 500 Company ranking. Companies that operate in highly competitive industry must ensure continuous monitoring of their financial performance and satisfaction of the interests of their stakeholders for them to be going concern. It is for this purpose that potential investors and trhose who wish to engage in trade in the stock market will value the analysis. The use of financial ratios and other financial techniques will be involved in the analysis of the business. INTRODUCTION Insurance industry has become one of the most fundamental sectors in the performance of any economy. Businesses, private organizations, and individuals all insure their products and property to shield them from recording significant losses and potential threats to going concern problem. The choice of state farm insurance has been propelled by the better ranking and the im mense interests that investors have on the insurance segment of the economy. Any economic sector that fails to develop robust insurance firms and businesses are bound to record losses that arise due to the uncertain nature of operations. State farm insurance growth in business and operation also makes it suitable for analysis and consideration. COMPANY BACKGROUND State farm insurance was formed in 1922 by its policyholders to insure automobiles. At the early stages, the company was entirely engaged in the insurance of auto of farmers before extending their operations to cover the insurance of banking services, financial services, and life insurance (Mundy 16). George Mecherle who was a retired farmer and was interested in improving the welfare of the members founded it. The company has recorded tremendous growth of both employees and the number of company agents. State farm insurance has expanded its operations in other countries like Canada and has operations in most of the states in America (Mundy 18). State farm insurance was heavily hit by the recession in the financial sector since many policy holders were unable to pay for their insurance. The company has since recorded growth in their base and has policyholders of about 80 million people. MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE Management is the act of planning the future now. An organization that is aimed at surviving in the dynamic and competitive market must have a strong management and visionary leadership. Rust ensured that state farm mutual insurance had a well-educated staff. He believed that through training and knowledge, the employees input, and efficiency will be increased. State farm therefore incurred large amounts of money in taking their employees for further training and education. Better leadership ensured that the future could be forecasted and that risks inherent in the business were absorbed by the business. Management of state farm also motivated their staffs by giving out better packages to their emp loyees and investing heavily on talents (Millenson 45). Rust, the chairperson of the board has thus succeeded in the winning of the confidence and trust of their employees. FINANCIAL ANALYSIS State farm insurance recorded a decline in their revenue and earnings in the financial year 2011. This was attributed to the increased number claims. Moreover, the large portfolio of

The Iran- Iraq War Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Iran- Iraq War - Research Paper Example The Iran- Iraq War The United States covertly supported Iraq, even as they had arm dealings with the Iranian government. However, by the end of the war, neither Iran and Iraq, nor the United States got any benefits from this war. This paper aims at analyzing this war, and discussing the United State’s involvement and role in this war. Saddam Hussein had steadily risen to become Iraq’s most powerful leader by the mid 1970s (Yetiv 79). In 1979, he forced the country’s incumbent leaders to step down, and hold a meeting of the Ba’ath party’s leadership, where he arrested and executed his imagined and key political opponents. His position as Iraq’s dictator was an insecure one in 1980 since he had just grabbed power in bloodthirsty fashion. He, however, did not consider himself one of the thug-life dictators who were in power in most third world countries. He saw himself as an enlightened and modern leader whose purpose was to make Iraq the Middle East’s leading country. While he would sometime lean on religious rhetoric, especially in his battles with the US in later years, his regime was secular (Yetiv 80). His party’s ideology grounded itself on socialism rather than Islamic teachings. His government took to many reforms, including the secularization of Iraq’s legal code, which was opposed by a majority of the Iraqi’s on grounds of religion. While Saddam and his men were Sunni Muslims, a vast majority of Iraqi’s were Shia’s, which bothered Saddam who distrusted their loyalty.

PASS Lifestyle, Leisure and Recreation Essay Example for Free

PASS Lifestyle, Leisure and Recreation Essay Introduction: The recreation and leisure activities present in our world today are differ from what generations 100 years ago participated in. Our physical environment is changing continuously under the effect of natural, cultural and economic systems which influence people’s lifestyles. As lifestyles change, peoples’ way of spending their leisure time, and leisure activity preferences, also change. Urban open public spaces such as parks seem to lose their popularity as shopping malls have become the new leisure centres due to the increasing need â€Å"to consume† of today’s societies. Our age has the accessibility of information and convenience of abundant transport to take us the venues that we can enjoy ourselves, or free ourselves from the issues of our daily life. Information of available activities that we know today, mainly come from sources such as the internet and the television or media. Media has shaped the many lifestyles of today, via their advertising of activities and appliances. By shifting our lifestyle, some of our interests in recreation and leisure have changed over the ages. Activities that existed 100 years ago but not today: Stickball. Stickball was a street game that is immensely related to baseball which adapts to the environment it was played in. The activity only required a rubber ball and a stick of any form. This activity has gradually died out, as people started to earn more money to afford playing other sports that involved swinging at a ball. The media also helped advertise America’s Major League Baseball, which put peoples’ interest into a more popular activity. Some people believe that this activity did not actually die out as it was the origin of all bat-and-ball sports that exist today. Playing Cards and Dominoes Since people living in the early 1900s, mainly middle-aged men, gathered together at bars after their day’s work, they took attraction to group activities. Their main activities were card games which involved betting small amounts of money or a glass of beer. In their houses, Dominoes was a common family game which appealed to all age groups. In today’s lifestyle, not all people have the luxury of time to participate in these activities or have lost interest due to the introduction of personal technological devices. These devices include the popularised iPod and computers, in which people can ‘surf’ the internet to find out many leisure and recreational activities which suit their lifestyle. Activities that exist now but not 100 years ago: Shopping The availability of shopping centres has increased rapidly in the past 10 years, as the world’s economy grew, and the average earning of families increased. The shopping for recreation and leisure of today mainly refers to excessive buying of ‘wanted’ materials for interest of the buyer. This modern activity is common among females, usually in groups. It fits into the lifestyles of women who do not work on weekends, and consumes much of the day, thus the inclusion of food courts in shopping centres. 100 years ago, shopping was not popularised as income of an average household was lower, and many women had to stay home to attend to the housework. The availability of shopping centres and transport to shopping centre venues was limited during that time. Most of the time, shopping was a chore rather than a leisure activity because it involved buying needs for the family, such as food and learning materials. Extreme Sports With increased knowledge and equipment to ensure safety, extreme sports are quite popular in modern society. These activities often involve speed, height, a high level of physical exertion, and they can help isolate thoughts of current issues, help set new goals, and improve physical fitness. Some extreme sports which are available near suburban areas are: mountain bike riding, indoor or outdoor rock-climbing, body boarding and canoeing. In the 1900s, people were not aware of these activities due to the inconvenience of less media sources. Among teenagers and young adults, free running is particularly popular in city areas which have a variety of artificial environments. This activity did not exist 100 years ago because it originated from later popular movements like graffiti and internet groups. Dining Out The modern society values the bonding of couples more than the world 100 years ago. A common activity amongst couples is dining out, to create an atmosphere of romanticism. By observing the growing population, the variety of employed jobs is also growing. The food industry is one of the largest in the world, and has led to the creation of restaurants of different cuisines. Since the countries of the world are becoming more multicultural, people want to break away from eating their traditional foods. Dining out provides a solution to changing tastes, and may sometimes aid in saving time as cooking at home may take several hours when attempting to provide fine food. Activities which existed 100 years ago and still exist now: Soccer 100 years ago, soccer teams received growing groups of supporting members and fans that popularise the sport. The soccer associations of today have provided many opportunities for sport betting, employment and sponsorship to advertise brands or companies. In many schools of the 1900s and today, grassed areas were easily converted to soccer fields so that students could play this sport during or after school time. Older age groups can join soccer clinics and clubs where they can play for enjoyment at learning levels to competitive levels. Watching soccer matches is also considered a recreational and leisure activity among fan groups which follow the current soccer. Film Going out to watch movies was a leisure and recreational activity that was present 100 years ago and now. This activity is popular as many films relate to the current world affairs. This activity would not have survived if not for the extremely low pricing of cinema tickets in the 1900s. The price of tickets has inflated in our era, but this is acceptable as our average income has increased. Conclusion: From the research I have accumulated in recreational and leisure activities of 100 years ago and today, I have found out that a major factor of the changing pursuits has been the shifting of daily lifestyles. The trends originating from media has shaped the many lifestyles of our world today, which has in turn changed our interests. Another factor of our leisure and recreational pursuits is the availability of information and transport we have today that lets us do what we want. However, the popularity of early activities has declined as our society has further developed these activities, while the appeal of the activities has been surpassed by our modern trends and movements.

The Map Generalization Capabilities Of Arcgis Information Technology Essay

The Map Generalization Capabilities Of Arcgis Information Technology Essay Data processing associated with Geographical Information Systems is so enormous. The information needed from this data actually varies for different applications. Specific details can be extracted, for instance resolution diminished, contours reduced, data redundancy eliminated or features on a map for which application is needed absorbed. This is all aimed at reducing storage space and representing details on a map with a larger scale accurately unto another with a much smaller scale. This paper presents a framework for the Map Generalization tools embedded in ArcGIS (A Geographical Information Systems Software by ESRI) as well as the algorithm each tool uses. Finally, a review of all the tools indicating which is more efficient after thorough analysis of the algorithm used and the desired output result produced. 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Definition of Map Generalization As (Goodchild, 1991) points out, Map Generalization is the ability to simplify and show spatial [features with location attached to them] relationships as it is seen on the earths surface modelled into a map. The advantages involved in adopting this process cannot be overemphasized. Some are itemized below (Lima dAlge J.C., 1998) It reduces complexity and the rigours Manual Cartographic Generalization goes through. It conveys information accurately. It preserves the spatial accuracy as drawn from the earths surface when modelling A lot of Software vendors came up with solutions to tackle the problem of manual cartography and this report will be reflecting on ArcGIS 9.3 Map Generalization tools. 1.2 Reasons for Automated Map Generalization In times past, to achieve this level of precision, the service of a skilled cartographer is needed. He is faced with the task of modelling [representation of features on the earths surface] on a large scale map into a smaller scale map. This form of manual cartography is very strenuous because it consumes a lot of time and also a lot of expertise is needed due to the fact that the cartographer will inevitably draw all the features and represent them in a smaller form and also taken into consideration the level of precision required so as not to render the data/graphical representation invalid. The setbacks experienced were the motivating factor for the advent or introduction to Automatic Cartographic Design which is known as Automated Map Generalization. A crucial part of map generalization is information abstraction and not necessarily to compress data. Good generalization technique should be intelligent which takes into consideration the characteristics of the image and not just the ideal geometric properties (Tinghua, 2004). Several algorithms [set of instructions taken to achieve a programming result] have been developed to enable this and this report is critically going to explore each of them 1.3 Process of Automated Map Generalization As Brassel and Weibel (n.d.) Map Generalization can be grouped into five steps. Structure Recognition Process Recognition Process Modelling Process Execution Display The step that will be elaborated upon for the cause of this report will be Process Recognition [types of Generalization procedures] which involves different manipulation on geometry in order to simplify the shape and represent it on a smaller scale (Shea and McMaster, 1989) 2.0 Generalization Tools in ArcGIS 9.3 2.1 Smooth Polygon This is a tool used for cartographic design in ArcGIS 9.3. It involves dividing the polygon into several vertices and each vertice being smoothed when the action is performed (FreePatentOnline, 2004-2010). An experiment is illustrated below to show how Smooth Polygon works. Add the layerfile Polygon which has an attribute name of Huntingdonshire-which is a district selected from England_dt_2001 area shapefile that was downloaded from UKBorders. The next step was I selected the ArcTool Box on the standard toolbar of ArcMap, then I went to Generalization Tools which is under Data Management Tools and afterwards I clicked on Smooth Polygon. Open Smooth Polygon > Select Input feature (which is polygon to be smoothed) in this case Polygon > select the output feature class (which is file location where the output image is to be saved) > select the simplification algorithm (which is PAEK) > select the simplification tolerance. Fig 2.0: Display before Smooth Polygon Fig 2.1: Display after Smooth Polygon The table in Fig 2.1 shows the output when Polynomial Approximation Exponential Kernel (Bodansky, et al, 2002) was used. The other algorithm that can be applied for this procedure is Bezier Interpolation. Algorithm Type Simplification Tolerance(Km) Time Taken (secs) PAEK 4 1 Bezier Interpolation 112 Observation PAEK Algorithm: When this technique was used, as the simplification tolerance value is increased, the weight of each point in the image decreased and the more the image is smoothed. Also, the output curves generated do not pass through the input line vertices however, the endpoints are retained. A significant short coming of PAEK Algorithm is that in a bid to smoothen some rough edges, it eliminates important boundaries, to refrain from such occurrence a buffer is to be applied to a zone of certain width before allowing the PAEK Smooth algorithm to execute. (Amelinckx, 2007) Bezier Interpolation: This is the other algorithm that can be applied to achieve Smoothing technique on polygons. In this case, the parameters are the same as PAEKs except that the tolerance value is greyed out- no value is to be inputed and as a result the output image produced is identical to its source because the tolerance value is responsible for smoothen rough edges and the higher value stated, the more the polygon is smoothed. The output curves passes through the input line vertices. When this experiment was performed, it was noticed that its curves were properly aligned around vertices. Conclusion: After performing both experiments, it was observed that the PAEK Algorithm is better because it allows a tolerance value to be inputted which in turn gives you a more smoothed image around curves and this will be of more importance to cartographers that want to smoothen their image and remove redundant points. 2.2 Smooth Line This is the second tool we will be examining. This is similar to Smooth Polygon technique except that the input feature will have to be a polyline shapefile. The steps are repeated as illustrated in Smooth Polygon but under Generalization Tools; Smooth Line is chosen. Now under input feature (select gower1) which is a dataset provided for use on this report. Specify the output feature > smoothing algorithm selected (PAEK) > smoothing tolerance. Note: All other fields are left as defaults i.e. No_check/Flag Error meaning we do not want it to display any errors if encountered and fixed_Endpoint/Not_fixed which preserves the endpoint of a polygon or line and applies to PAEK Algorithm. Algorithm Type Simplification Tolerance(Km) Time Taken (secs) PAEK 1000 2 Bezier Interpolation 4 Fig 2.2: Display after Smooth Line technique was applied __________ (Before Smoothing Line) __________ (After Smoothing Line) Observation PAEK Algorithm: The tolerance value used here was so high to be able to physically see the changes made. PAEK Algorithm as applied on gower1 smoothed the curves around edges and eliminates unimportant points around the edges. This results in an image with fewer points as the tolerance value is increased. The output line does not pass through the input line vertices. This algorithm uses a syntax where the average of all the points is taken and for a particular vertex, which is substituted with the average coordinates of the next vertex. This is done sequentially for each vertex but displacement of the shape is averted by giving priority to the weighting of the central point than that of its neighbouring vertex. Bezier Interpolation: Just like in Smoothing Polygon, a tolerance value is not required and when this technique was performed in this illustration, points around edges were partially retained resulting in drawing smooth curves around the vertices. The output line passes across the input line vertices. Conclusion: From both illustrations just as in Smooth Polygon, PAEK Algorithm was considered most effective because it generates smoother curves around the edges as the tolerance value is increased. However, the true shape of the image can be gradually lost as this value is increased but with Bezier Interpolation; curves around the vertices are preserved but just smoothed and vertices maintained to as well. Simplify Polygon: This method is aimed at removing awkward bends around vertices while preserving its shape. There are two algorithms involved; Point Remove and Bend Simplify. The shapefile used for this illustration is the polygon (Huntingdonshire) district of England. Select Simplify Polygon (under generalization tools, which is under Data Management tools > then input feature as polygon > output feature> simplification algorithm> smoothing tolerance. Algorithm Type Simplification Tolerance(Km) Time Taken (secs) Point Remove 2 4 Bend Simplify 2 9 Fig 2.3: Display before Simplify Polygon Fig 2.4: Display after Simplify Polygon Point Remove Algorithm: This is a metamorphosis of the Douglas-Peucker algorithm and it applies the area/perimeter quotient which was first used in Wang algorithm (Wang, 1999, cited in ESRI, 2007). From the above experiment, as the tolerance value is increased, more vertices in the polygon were eliminated. This technique simplifies the polygon by reducing lots of vertices and by so doing it loses the original shape as the tolerance value is increased gradually. Bend Simplify Algorithm: This algorithm was pioneered by Wang and Muller and it is aimed at simplifying shapes through detections around bent surfaces. It does this by eliminating insignificant vertices and the resultant output has better geometry preservation. Observation: After applying both algorithms to the polygon above, it was seen that for point remove, the vertices reduced dramatically as the tolerance value was increased in multiples of 2km. This amounts to about 95% reduction while when the same approach was applied to Bend Simplify; there was about 30% reduction in the number of vertices. Bend Simplify also took longer time to execute. Conclusion: It is seen that Bend Simplify is a better option when geometry is to be preserved however when the shape is to be represented on a smaller scale, point remove will be ideal because the shape is reduced significantly thereby appearing as a shrink image of its original. Simplify Line This is a similar procedure to Simplify Polygon except that here the shapefile to be considered is a line or a polygon which contains intersected lines. It is a process that involves reduction in the number of vertices that represent a line feature. This is achieved by reducing the number of vertices, preserving those that are more relevant and expunging those that are redundant such as repeated curves or area partitions without disrupting its original shape (Alves et al, 2010). Two layers are generated when this technique is performed; a line feature class and a point feature class. The former contains the simplified line while the latter contains vertices that have been simplified they can no longer be seen as a line but instead collapsed as a point. This applies to Simplify Polygon too. However, for both exercises no vertex was collapsed to a point feature. To illustrate this, the process is repeated in previous generalization technique, but under Data Management tools > select simplify line > select input feature (gower1) > select output feature > select the algorithm (point remove) > tolerance. Then accept all other defaults because we are not interested in the errors. Algorithm Type Simplification Tolerance(Km) Time Taken (secs) Point Remove 8 7 Bend Simplify 8 12 Fig 2.5: Display after Simplify Line __________ (Before Simplifying Line) __________ (After Simplifying Line) Two algorithms are necessary for performing this operation; Point Remove and Bend Simplify. Observation Point Remove Algorithm: This method has been enumerated in Simplify Polygon. It is observed here that when point remove algorithm was used the lines in gower1 were redrawn such that vertices that occurred redundantly were removed and this became even more evident as the tolerance value increased such that the line had sharp angles around curves and its initial geometry is gradually lost. Bend Simplify Algorithm: This also reduces the number of vertices in a line and the more the tolerance value was increased, the more the number of reduction in the vertices. It takes a longer time to execute than the Point Remove. However the originality of the line feature is preserved. Conclusion: From the two practical exercises, Bend Simplify algorithm is more accurate because it preserves the line feature and its original shape is not too distorted. However, if the feature is to be represented on a much smaller scale and data compression is the factor considered here, then Point Remove will be an option to embrace. Aggregate Polygon: This process involves amalgamating polygons of neighbouring boundaries. It merges separate polygons (both distinct ones and adjacent) and a new perimeter area is obtained which maintains the surface area of all the encompassing polygons that were merged together. To illustrate this, select Data Management Tools > select aggregate polygons > select input feature (which is a selection of several districts from the England_dt_2001 area shapefile I downloaded) > output feature class > aggregation distance (boundary distance between polygons) and then I left other values as default. Fig 2.6: Display before Aggregate Polygon Fig 2.7: Display after Aggregate Polygon Aggregation Distance Used 2km Time Taken 48secs As seen from both figures, the districts in Fig 2.6 were joined together as seen in fig 2.3. As the aggregation distance is increased further, the separate districts are over-merged and the resultant image appears like a plain wide surface area till those hollow parts seen in fig 2.7 disappears. The algorithm used here which is inbuilt into the arcgis software is the Sort Tile Recursive tree. This algorithm computes all the nodes of neighbouring polygons by implementing the middle transversal method in a logical sequence from left to right. When this computation is complete, the result is stored as a referenced node. Now the middle transversal node in the tree is obtained and thereafter a mergence is calculated which spans from the left node to the right node until it get to the root of the tree (Xie, 2010) 2.6 Simplify Building: This process simplifies polygon shapes in form of buildings with the aim of preserving its original structure. To illustrate this, Simplify Building is chosen under Data Management tools. The appropriate fields are chosen; input feature here is a building shape file I extracted from MasterMap download of area code CF37 1TW. a b c d Fig 2.8: Display before Simplify Building Fig 2.9: Display after Simplify Building As shown above, the buildings in (a and b) in fig 2.8 were simplified to (c and d) in fig 2.9 where a tolerance value of 10km was used and the time taken to execute this task was 3secs. As the tolerance value is increased, the more simplified the building is and it loses its shape. The algorithm behind this scene is the recursive approach which was first implemented with C++ programming language but has evolved into DLL (Dynamic Link Library) applications like ArcGIS 9.3 The recursive approach algorithm follows this sequence of steps. Determining the angle of rotation ÃŽÂ ± of the building, computing nodes around a boundary and then enclosing a small rectangular area which contains a set of points The angle of rotation ÃŽÂ ± is set Determining the vertices around edges as regards the recursion used and thereafter to calculate the splitting rate  µ and a recursive decomposition of the edge with respect to those of the new edges. The shortcoming of this algorithm is that L and Z shaped buildings are culprits as they give erroneous shapes while it works perfectly on U and L shaped buildings (Bayer, 2009). 2.7 Eliminate: This technique basically works on an input layer with a selection which can either take the form of Select by Location or Select by Attribute query. The resultant image now chunks off the selection and the remaining composites of the layerfile are now drawn out. To illustrate this, eliminate is chosen under data management tools, the input feature here is England_dt_2001 area shapefile which has some districts selected and the output feature is specified, all other fields left as defaults. From Fig 3.0 after eliminated procedure was taken on the polygon (the green highlights being the selected features), the resultant polygon is shown in Fig 3.1. However the districts in Fig 3.1 now excludes all those selected in Fig 3.0 and this can be seen visually in labels a and b and therefore Fig 3.1 has fewer districts. a b Fig 3.0: Display before Eliminate process Fig 3.1: Display after Eliminate process The time taken for this procedure was 44secs. 2.8 Dissolve: The dissolve tool works similarly to the aggregate polygon except that in dissolve, it is the features of the polygons that are to be aggregated and not the separate polygons themselves. The features are merged together using different statistic types more like an alias performed on them. To illustrate this, click on Dissolve under Data Management tool, select input features- same used for aggregate polygons (features to be aggregated) > the output field (where the result is to be saved) > the dissolve field (fields you want to aggregate together) > statistic type > multi_part > dissolve_lines. The diagram below shows this; Observation: For this exercise, the dissolve field was left as default meaning no field was selected. Also, multi_part was used which denotes that instead of merging smaller fields into a large one-the features becomes so extensive that if this is displayed on a map, there can be loss of performance however the multi_part option makes sure larger features are split into separate smaller ones. Dissolve_line field makes sure lines are dissolved into one feature while unsplit_lines only dissolve lines when two lines have an end node in common. The algorithm for this technique is simply Boolean (like a true or false situation, yes or no). However there are shortcomings with this technique as low virtual memory of the computer can limit the features that are to be dissolved. However, input features can be dissected into parts by an algorithm called adaptive tiling. Fig 3.2: Display before Dissolve process Fig 3.3: Display after Dissolve process Time taken = 10secs 2.9 Collapse Dual Lines: This is useful when centric lines are to be generated among two or more parallel lines with a specific width. This can be very useful when you have to consider large road networks in a block or casing. It enables you to visualize them properly. To illustrate this, open Collapse Dual Lines under data management tools > select input feature (which is gower1) > select the output feature > select maximum width Maximum width (this is the maximum width of the casing allowed that contains the feature to be collapsed e.g. width of a road network) while the minimum width is the minimum value allowed to be able to denote its centric line from. In this exercise, maximum width = 4km Time taken = 4secs Fig 3.4: Display after Collapse Dual Line to Centerline __________ (Before Collapse Dual Line) __________ (After Collapse Dual Line) As seen above, it is observed that when this experiment was performed, those lines in blue are aftermaths of effect of procedure of operation on them because they had a red colour before. However those in red did not change because they did not have a width within the specified maximum width stated. However, this is going to change as the maximum width is increased or a minimum width is set. 3.0 Conclusion From the illustrations shown in this paper, we can see that various forms of generalization tools have their various purposes either in form of shape retention, angular preservation or simply reduction purposes so that a replica image shown on a larger scale can fit in properly on a smaller scale. However depending on the tool chosen, a compromise will have to made on these factors giving preference to what it is we want to be represented after performing the operation. Different algorithms were explored and it is inferred that when polygons or lines are to be simplified, point remove is accurate option when you want to represent them on a smaller scale, however if originality of shape is to be considered then bend simplify algorithm will work best while for Smooth technique on polygons and lines, PAEK Algorithm is better.

The British Empire East India Company Trade History Essay

The British Empire East India Company Trade History Essay This is a story of trade and exploration of ambition and foresight, silk and spice, tea and cricket, timber and gunpowder, cities and ports. It is the story of how a band of traders created a company that far exceeded the sum of their ambitions, uniting distant markets, bringing people together, building and sustaining an empire. It all starts in 1600. The concept of corporations was first established under ancient Roman law (source:  University of Virginia). It all began on 31st December 1600, when Queen Elizabeth I  granted a charter to the British East India Corporation, naming the corporation The Governor and Company of Merchants of  London, trading with the East Indies. Ships belonging to The Company dock at Surat and in the next two years establishes its first factory as trading posts were called, in the town of Machilipatnam of the Coromandel Coast f The Bay of Bengal. Landing in India gave the company access to spices not controlled by Dutch traders. Sir Thomas Roe was instructed by James 1 to arrange a commercial treaty with Emperor Nurudin Salim Jahangir. This gave The Company exclusive right to reside and build factories around Surat in exchange for rare commodities from Europe. This provided a secure base for operations to wage trade wars with Portuguese and Dutch governments and merchants. The major factories became the walled forts of Fort William in Calcutta (now Kolkata). Fort St George in Madras (now Chennai) and Bombay (now Mumbai) castle, which developed into the great Indian Cities of today. In 1667 London weavers attack on East India House, weavers, dyers and linen drapers in England protest that imports of Indian cloth are threatening their own industries. Initially, The Company responds by re-exporting Asian textiles to other countries in Europe. But market forces soon overshadow the cries of protesters, and Asian textiles continue to be hugely popular in England throughout the 18th century. The French and British East India Companies and their respective Indian allies were at war with each other. The East India Company led by Robert Clive defeat the Feench ally, Siraj Ud Daulah, at the battle of Plassey ending the rule of the last independent Nawab of Bengal. This is judged to be one of the pivotal events leading to the formation of the British Empire in South Asia. The resulting central administration and governance starts a process that leads eventually to the formation of unfiled India. In 1784 The East India Company had grown into a powerful political and trading organisation, rivalling that of the British Government, in effect ruling many of The British Empires territories. In political matters The East India Company was subordinated to the British government directly. The process was slow and required subsequent parliamentary acts to allow The British Government to fully separate the Companys political control from its commercial activities. In 1813 The Charter Act asserted the sovereignty of the British Crown over the Indian territories held by The Company. It renewed the Charter of The Company for a future twenty years but ended its Indian trade monopoly except for trade in tea. At this point The East India Company was forced to open India to missionaries, who had previously been banned. In 1848 Robert Fortune, a botanist was hired by The Company to obtain the finest tea plants from China to establish plantations in India. He disguised himself as Chinese from a distant province, hired an interpreter, a precaution as the Chinese were extremely protective of their virtual monopoly on tea production. His efforts resulted in the shipment of 20,000 plants to the Himalayas, establishing Darjeeling as one of the finest tea producing regions in the world, and India as the dominant world tea producer it is today. By the time of The Acts passing, The Company had been effectively dissolved anyway, as The Crown assumed all governmental responsibilities held by The Company by The Act for the Better Government of India. The Companys military force was incorporated into the British Army, leaving it with only a shadow of the power it had wielded years earlier. Queen Victoria was the ruling monarch at the time, and thanks to her new authority over India, became the first monarch to use the title Empress of India. It accomplished a work such as in the whole history of the human race no other company ever attempted and such is likely to attempt in the years to come.

Winning is the only thing :: essays research papers

Randy Roberts and James Olson in their book, Winning is the Only Thing: Sports in America since 1945, explored the world of sports since the end of World War II. Their book covers the many aspects of sports, from the athletes and management to the fans and the media. The authors first make clear differences in the way people viewed sports before the war and how they did after the war. The book talks a lot about the astounding transformation of sports in America during the post war era. The objective of sports before world warII matched up to the original idea of such games. Athletes, for the most part, â€Å"played â€Å"to do just that- every sports as their hobbies (Roberts, Olson xi) games were intended to be fun for the players; and just as a board game of â€Å"candy land,† sports were activities in which the game was on the court, field, diamond, or whatever the â€Å" game board† was. The minds of people were filled with war and the everyday challenges of life (xi). Thus, people found sports to be a way of escape from all that they faced fans as well as athletes. However, in a matter of a few years the entertainment of sports changed dramatically. After World War II, it could be said that Americans put their identity, worth, and security in sports. They felt the need to stand up to the world to show them who their country was and what it stood for. â€Å"Americans came to take sports very seriously, and they watched and played for the highest economic, politic, and personal stakes†(xii).other countries began to represent themselves through sports as well; and, in a sense, the war continued though the means of these â€Å"games.† Especially in the Olympics, whole countries fought to win and be seen as the superior. Sports was a way of, not only representing pride in the athletes, but also a way of showing the world who its government, communities, families, and all that America stood for. Roberts and Olson describe athletes during this era as national soldiers of sport (19) as in the defeat of war, when America lost in the name of sports, it was in no way gone unnoticed by the majority of the country. For America, losing many of the medals during the 1960 Olympic games was a reason to make excuses for such an unfortunate happening of the country(22.

Morality in O’Brien’s Going After Cacciato Essay -- Going After Caccia

Morality in O’Brien’s Going After Cacciato  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   Going After Cacciato, by Tim O'Brien, is a book that presents many problems in understanding. Simply trying to figure out what is real and what is fantasy and where they combine can be quite a strain on the reader. Yet even more clouded and ambiguous are the larger moral questions raised in this book. There are many so-called "war crimes" or atrocities in this book, ranging from killing a water buffalo to fragging the commanding officer. Yet they are dealt with in an almost offhanded way. They seem to become simply the moral landscape upon which a greater drama is played-- i.e. the drama of running away from war, seeking peace in Paris. This journey after Cacciato turns into a morality play, the road Westward metaphor. As Dennis Vannatta explains, "The desire to flee may have begun as a reaction to fear, but by the time the squad has reached Paris, Paul has nurtured and cultivated it until it has become a political, moral, and philosophical statement" (245). But what abo ut the atrocities going on all the time? How could they be ignored in the face of this larger drama? As Milton J. Bates puts it, although Going After Cacciato is "not atrocity-based in the manner of much Vietnam War autobiography and fiction, [it does] record incidents in which Vietnamese civilians are beaten or killed and have their livestock and homes destroyed" (270). This book has an almost offhanded-like way of dealing with these My Lai-like atrocities. Why? What's going on here? Well, one thing that one must take into consideration is the author's aim. As quoted by Timothy J. Lomperis at a conference, O'Brien has said, "'For me, the purpose of writing fiction is to explore moral quandaries. The... ...ving dreamed a marvelous dream, I urge you to step boldly into it, to join your dream and to live it" (O'Brien 284). Thoughts lead to actions. But dreaming is also doing. The act of imagination can sometimes have more power than any technological weapon. It is imaginations that stop wars. It is art fulfilling its role in society. It is art that brings the moral issues. It is art that makes us human.    Works Cited Bates, Milton J. "Tim O'Brien's Myth of Courage." Modern Fiction Studies 33.2 (Summer 1987): 263-279. Lomperis, Timothy J. "Down the Slippery Slope: Tensions Between Fact and Fiction." Interpretive Critique. O'Brien, Tim. Going After Cacciato. New York: Dell, 1978. Vannatta, Dennis. "Theme and Structure in Tim O'Brien's Going After Cacciato." Modern Fiction Studies 28.2 (Summer 1982): 242-246.                  

bill cosby :: essays research papers

Bill Cosby   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Bill Cosby was born in Germantown, Pennsylvania on July 12, 1937 as William Henry Cosby, Jr. In the 1950’s, Bill Cosby dropped out of high school to join the Navy. He did attend college on a football scholarship at Temple University years later. He also completed his doctorate in education at the University of Massachusetts during the 1970‘s.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1965, Bill Cosby married his wife, Camille Hanks. They have celebrated 35 years of marriage, and this year will make 36 years. They had five children: Erika, Erinn, Ens, Evin, and Ennis (who was tragically killed in January of 1997).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Today Bill Cosby is one of the richest entertainers in America. His wealth is estimated at about $325 million. Bill Cosby started perform stand-up comedy routines during the 1960s in night clubs. In 1965-1968, Bill Cosby co-stared with Robert Cult in a adventure series called I Spy. He earned 3 Emmy Awards for his performance in I Spy. His success at that time was a true breakthrough for black people.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Bill Cosby has always provided the world with fresh, clean, family comedy. His comedy albums often received Grammy honors. In the 1980’s, Bill Cosby had the nation’s top-rated TV series, The Cosby Show. The books he has written on the subject 2 the humor in just plain everyday life, starting with the book he entitled, Fatherhood, were successful best-sellers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Bill Cosby has a starred in a long list of funny movies. His recent television series, Cosby, has not been very successful. His movie, Leonard Part 6, was a big disappointment, also. Bill Cosby continues to work hard to entertain us with quality humor. He has more successful shows to his credit than disappointments.

On Education-Emerson Essay

Imaging you are the only person at a concert; now imaging yourself surrounded by other who are just as enthusiastic about the concert as you are. One may give you a certain aspect of importance, while the other could make you feel like you belong to something bigger than yourself. The situation you prefer ultimately depends on your personality, that is to say, you as an individual. Present day America has become just that, a large gathering center for individuals from all corners of the globe; the great â€Å"melting pot of the world† to say the least. With all the diversity of unique talents, ideals, beliefs, and traditions that can be found outside one’s front-door step, a few questions arise: why is individualism not sought after and praised in today’s curriculum instead of being generalized into groups as one usually is? Likewise, is our current system of education preparing young minds to be conformists while slowly killing the individual? Ralph Waldo Emerson, one of the foremost intellectuals of the nineteenth century, theorized about an education system structured around the importance of the individual as its main foundation. Emerson believed that â€Å"our modes of Education aim to expedite, to save labor; to do for the masses what cannot be done for masses, what must be done reverently, one by one: say rather, the whole world is needed for the tuition of each pupil†. To put it differently, he believed the pupil may benefit more from personalized curriculums than from an education system aimed to teach by the masses to save money, time, and labor. In my opinion, from seeing the problems with our current Education system, I feel partially inclined to agree with Emerson and his idea to distance the education system from â€Å"teaching by the masses† and focus more on the individual For one, I firmly believe that today’s education system is more focused meeting the states standards and less focused on the student itself. The amount of standards an educator has to cover over the course of the year makes it nearly impossible to make individually customized teaching plans, thus the introduction of a curriculum in which everyone learns and works at the same pace. This can come at a steep price because although exposing every student to the same lesson demonstrates fairness and indiscrimination, it may also have negative repercussions on the young and inexperienced mind. In an education system like this, the individual is not valued because he is not seen as one student but generalized and group with other, whether it is by age or grade level. In the classroom for example, we are taught the basic knowledge context that everyone is expected to know, very rarely do we see any encouragement for those who want to dive in depth into a subject or personalized assistance for those who desperately need it. From my own experienced, I have always yearned to learn more about subjects I was interested in but if one cannot do that, then going to school becomes a chore. Statistics show that 8,300 high school students drop out each day (â€Å"High†). According to Buzzfeed, an online website, one of the top 5 reasons High School Students drop out is because they start finding classes uninteresting and the same can be said for college student. When the classes get dull they start centering their life’s around their jobs and eventually drop out to go in the pursuit of money. We have statistics and the reasons for the large amount of dropout backing up the fact that there is something wrong with today’s education system, yet appropriate measures to adjust the education system aren’t being made; the personal interest and curiosity of the student are not being met to inspire ones desire for knowledge. In addition to the lack of time, the reason for why individuality is not valued is due in part to the poor teacher-to-student ratio which does not do the creative mind just. Everyone needs space to think; however, we seem to be cramming in as many students as we can into one classroom, widening the teacher-to-student ration even further. One cannot master the lesson at hand if there is still a â€Å"shaky† foundation from the previous lesson due to the lack of sufficient assistance. With the fast pace that is required to meet all the requirements set forth by the United States, educators have little or no time to teach and assist those individuals who are in desperate need of attention, while at the same time neglecting to encourage, stimulate, and challenge those who fully grasp the material. The curriculum just doesn’t allow enough room for a student to show his creativity or stand out as an individual. Is it just to teach the same material to someone who learns at a slower pace and expect him to keep up with someone who is naturally inclined to that topic? Most would say no, yet this is precisely what the education system is doing. Consequently and perhaps more importantly, by doing so we may also be pushing one student too much while holding another individual back. I am afraid that in an attempt to educate everyone, we may be putting the individual at risk. Our current education systems have failed to comprehend that every individual is different and there is no one way to teach everyone. In short, we may be better off, as Emerson believes, to leave our traditional ways of teachings and focus on the individual. Furthermore, in my opinion the current curriculum is promoting conformism by establishing certain guidelines that encourage us to stay within the â€Å"normal† knowledge one should know. This strictness towards what is taught and what is not, what is acceptable and what is not allowed may be killing the young minds creativity and curiosity for knowledge. In essence, creating a system in which â€Å"going with the flow† is acceptable, may be leading you into a lifestyle of mediocrity. One does not have to go far to find conformism being taught at a very young age. For instance, look at your local preschool center. At an early age one is taught to walk into the classroom in a line, almost military-like, sit down and face the board like everyone else, and are even encouraged to suppress ones true desires and pretend to pay attention to the instructor. At an age where creativity and imagination is in its prime, the curriculum is already teaching one to stay within the lines while they color and goes as far as to indicate what color a certain object or person should be. What happens when a student chooses to color an object a different color? More than likely he is not praised for his creativity and his decision to stand out as an individual but scolded for not following instructions. The current curriculum might be trying to teach them disciplined but It is also preaching the idea that he is more valued when he â€Å"goes with the flow† than when he stands on his own. Is it not those that defy the â€Å"norms† who create the foundation for new styles and those few who think â€Å"outside the box† who move our society forward yet that sort of thinking is not promoted in the curriculum. I take a look at myself, and my college experience and notice conformism is a real issue. I see fellow peers do the minimum required of the instructor to pass the class, with no intent to learn anything more than what is required; they have no aspiration to exceed their past grades and are perfectly comfortable being average. Very rarely does one see someone who is well-rounded in a specific subject go out of their way and learn more than what the instructor covered. Even to someone like me, who prefers to stand out as an individual, waiting till next week to learn something as a class sounds more tantalizing than researching on my own. When the thinking, as to when one will be exposed to information, is done for us there is little to motivate us to take learning into hour own hands: â€Å"people who blindly follow rules are going along with the crowd and conforming. They are doing what’s easiest and avoiding challenge and having to think† (Harrison). By not going out of our way of the normal â€Å"flow† of life and society we may be condemning ourselves to a mediocre lifestyle. James Cooper once said, â€Å"All greatness of character is dependent on individuality. The man who has no other existence than that which he partakes in common with all around him, will never have any other than existence of mediocrity†(cooper 1). Overall, I believe that by having a general curriculum dictating when and how we learn, we may be more inclined to be satisfied with mediocrity and in turn conform to the â€Å"norms† of society. In conclusion, I strongly agree with the belief that educating the masses means slighting the individual (Emerson). The current Education system was intended to teach the masses, with respectable and admirable intents, but the system may have come too far and established an environment where creativity and individualism is a rare sight to see. There are some deep concerns with â€Å"teaching the masses† that I believe should be dealt with immediately if one wishes to move along as a society and bring to the world a new era of radical and critical thinker; that is to say, people who challenge and change the way we view the world. First off, the education system should allow for a sufficient margin of time so the educator may make certain adjustment to the curriculum based on the necessity of the students at that moment. Enough time is needed so the pupil may learn his natural pace and build his knowledge on a strong foundation. As for the intellectuals in the classroom, they should be given special modifications to the curriculum that may continue to challenge and grab his interest. Secondly, in an education system where everyone is taught the same, the speed and expectations of the classroom will almost always be that of the slowest person. This may be problematic because when you live your life doing only average work, you will conform to the idea that mediocrity is acceptable and life a life of mediocrity; never realizing your true otential. With all things considered, the ideal education system is one where its main focus is not inclined towards completing the curriculum, but one where teaching for the masses can inspire creativity in the individual by collaboration and competition with fellow peers. Overall, I agree with Emerson and I find it absolutely necessary for the education system to slowly distance itself from our present day curriculum and start focusing more on the individual to promote creat ivity and individuality.

Principles of Personal Development Essay

Standards that influence the expressive style giving social c be job roles atomic number 18 carried out. codes of exert set out the criteria against which providers atomic number 18 assessed by. They also describe the standstillards of conduct and invest with which gainers must carry out their activities and control that what they do is competent and consistent with the value of their employer. These standards atomic number 18 how registrants tness to practice is determined. For a safekeeping worker to work in a certain profession, they work to register with their especial(a) Professional Council and then work to the Codes of Practice which they deem t. Not fol baseborning their Code of Practice could result in them creation taken of the register and no monthlong allowed to work in that role.Reflecting on work activities is an important way to part get endureledge and skills.Reflection on your stimulate practice is important beca wasting disease it allows you to as sess what you are doing well, identify areas where you might like or maybe drive more readying or guidance in to determine you are performing to the best you asshole, and are meeting all standards and expectations within the ancient house policies and procedures. Reflecting on your practice stinker enhance and mitigate your confidence and ego esteem because you can look at what you are doing well, the things you have learnt and achieved and feel uncorrupted about yourself-importance especially if you have do something with ease that you used to start difficult, if you have done something you never did well in or something that you have never attempt before.This then gives you confidence to continue on the job(p) well and to aim to try other sore things or to use what overbold skills or agnizeledge you have gained in your practices. During the activity you remedy you skill by asking you supervisor/senior. You learn from others multitude strategies. Find ways to r eflect your self in your activity. Reflection, which is learn finished experience, is not a new concept. As humans, we of course reflect on our surroundings and experiences.It is a learning tool that go forth befriend us improve our skill and enlarge our knowledge and practice. Also it is important to find your strengths and weaknesses so that you can enlarge and improve on them, so you can take your weakness your strengths. Reflecting on your self is a complex activity that requires the individual to develop a set of skills. When you reflect you stand back and think of a place or problem, gain a new perspective of something, make sense of our experiences and manufacture meaning and knowledge that directs actions in practice. intention evidence to avail decide on decisions.Ways to ensure that personal attitudes or beliefs do not stay the case of work.The best way to ensure that personal attitudes or beliefs dont obstruct the quality of work is to be utilise to excelle nce. Personal attitudes can be changed through education. That is an important way. It helps to develop a level-headed work ethic.How learning activities can develop knowledge, skills and understanding.How a learning activity has violate have got knowledge, skills and understanding.The more you think and broadcast, the better you can do. Think things all the way through to a successful conclusion. up(p) improved admit knowledge, skills and understanding by reflecting on a situationI dont have a situation that I really require to share, but I spend a great deal of time reflecting on life from various perspectives from the logical/ smart to the mystical/muse. The two quotes below are on a list that I keep in my desk. They remind me wherefore I must make time, tied(p) if it appears Im doing something else, to reflect. * Think leave and think right and think low and think high. Oh, the thinks you can think up if only you try Dr. Seuss* The important thing is not to stop questio ning. Curiosity has its experience reason for existing. Albert EinsteinFeedback from others has developed own knowledge, skills and understanding The example is comments, critics, suggestions. If someone know what to do to this feedback, that person already know what to do next. That was a phylogenesis by feedbackHow a personal instruction plan can contribute to own learning and schoolingDefinition of personal phylogenesis planPersonal development preparation (PDP) is the process of creating an action plan ground on awareness, values, reflection, goal-setting and planning for personal development within the context of a career, education, consanguinity or for self-improvement.Who can be complex in the PDP processTypically, each employees line manager should be trustworthy for the individual employees PDP. * Managers may motivating appropriate training to ensure they can manage PDPs effectively. Developing these skills can be built into the managers own PDP. * The about senior employees and those whose performance has the most impact on the performance of the business sector may benefit from an external wise manSources of delay for own learning and developmentThere are many sources of support that you can access and many variant ways that you can help yourself, when exploitation your practice. The appraisal or supervision arrangement in your workplace can be a good starting point. This will help you to identify areas of your practice that need to be developed, and to plan to use opportunities for training and development. rough employers provide appraisal at six-monthly or 12-monthly intervals, but supervision should be at least once a month.This gives you a good opportunity to use the experience and knowledge of your supervisor to help you plan how to move forward in your practice. Benefits of using PDP to identify ongoing improvements in own knowledge and understanding Some advantages of taking a personal development approach to your work are Gaining a clearer focus to your learning. Helping to keep yourself motivated. A better understanding of how you learn and how to improve your performance. More enjoyment and less line from your learning as you become consciously skilled. More awareness of how to apply your learning to new problems and contexts.

Charles Dickens

You may choose to sustain a biographical dictionary handy! Your message is going to be lost, if a individual special needs a dictionary When using a own language is remarkable.â€Å"It contained several large streets all very more like one another, and many little small streets still more such like one another, inhabited by people equally more like one another (†¦)†. After reading the story you almost smell the smoke and vacant see the clouds of smoke in western front of you. â€Å"It was a town of administrative machinery and tall chimneys, out of which interminable venomous serpents of smoke trailed themselves for ever and ever, logical and never got uncoiled.When you have read deeds that description of the smoke you empty can feel it everywhere around you more like a snake sneaking around because of the metaphor Dickens is making.Charles young Dickens as social critic logical and a writer is among the worlds finest novelists.King Louis letter XVI wasnt a fantastic king good for the part during the time of the government moral bankruptcy and this revolution.

At times the story appears to be aimless.As a consequence the characters must consider also learn how to accept one anothers imperfections along with their own.Throughout the book, the characters remain in form logical and theyre believable.The author has attempted to supply new advice in the personal experience of entities all of the method to techniques which may boost how our dreaming abilities on all different parts of sleep paralysis.

It is a little book about reading.Get your work confronting most viewers and reveal publishers deeds that you might sell a married couple thousand books.You have to little read the book.Write the book which you would love to read.

A Comparison of a Nuclear and Extended family

y break by dint ofhful day snip families keep up evolved whole over clock time. In the UK promptlyadays untold characters of families exist, from the companion adequate to(p) building blocky elicit family to families with fostered or prolong nipperren. This try sharpen up e re twoyow for focusing predominately on the full moon and thermo atomic family mental synthesiss that I give encountered. I volition semblance and teleph 1 line the manakin of these by dis entrapeing the inter- kins deep d foregather my avouch across-the-board family. I sh either in nearly-nigh(prenominal) case discuss the unlike ship green goddessal of training and be act asiveionateness for boorren and describe how the office staffs of resurrect and electric razor endure to evolve. typically a thermo atomic family send onward be outlined as a unit, which consists of a re plough, m separate, and at least(prenominal) superstar baby.This complex b ody discover is prime in mevery all societies although the issue in which it body in this kind varies. An protr trifleed family, fi bathroomm incorporating the atomic family shape is a wider chemical collection of relatives that char morseleristically spans terce or to a cracking extent(prenominal) than than(prenominal) generations without the bar of spirit chthonic one roof. (Nobbs et al 1989) run by with(predicate) contributeition 1. look for has sh feature (Fletcher, 1966) that families in begin socio- scotch stems tang engage in turnout apt or manual jobs ( leading class) be modest belike to run international for run for or educational reasons than those of a thermo thermo atomic family.This direction that they ar a lot plausibly to be a assort of a long established all-embracing family. atomic families in line of business be to a greater extent(prenominal)(prenominal) normal in spicy socio- scotch groups, (white col lar), a mess industrious in managerial, administrative and pro jobs. These families atomic publication 18 to a greater extent in all probability to move a direction from relatives and family friends for richly salaries and wear jobs prospects. atomic and extensive families continually re-size and re- pretending themselves and the changes that this brings fanny greatly substitute the broods of the babyren.My deliver family, for type has changed since the 1960s when I was range of an all-embracing family touch by aunts, uncles, cousins, grand boots, and great-grandp bents. Neighbours were withal con human facered as family because they stand upd in the compar relate to(p) quatern narration overnice hearth as us. Affection, righteousness and everyday interests about machine-accessible us. Additionally, the ride slight(prenominal) tone of voice was steadying and accept in that it offered unimaginative rein surpriser and still in multiplication of try concerning child reproduction, fiscal protagonist, puzzle figure out and child- criminal maintenance.These were all advantages of belong to an panoptic family. In secern, as a p arnt in a thermo thermo thermonu clarify family, we straightaway live away from relatives and firearm satisfactory to win excited reinforcer by hollo and letter, the duration makes operable donjon difficult. It is marked that changes in stately patterns of family spiritedness in the UK exact been winning channelize in the brook one-half century. The coming of more than(prenominal)(prenominal) than expeditious methods of contraception since the 1960s im subdivision led to families having a couple of(prenominal) children, heighten the grade for smallisher family units (Beaver et al, 1995).My encompassing family has dissolve by dint of and through the filliness of my p bents relatives and friends through termination or relocation. It now equates more well-n ighly to a nuclear family model, where I live with my children c couching a small group with no separate relatives lively with them or airless by, emblematical of what is occurring in the U. K. at once. match to Henwood, et al, (1987) two all-encompassing and nuclear families in corporation ar evaluate to tin some(prenominal) functions. around pregnant is their duties to proffer for the leadfully of children, as the green ar unavailing to handle for themselves, and through their festering long time direct guidance.The family t severallyes children values, rules for conduct and a leafy ve overtakeable verbiage providing the most raiseonical purlieu for children to witness the finishing of the hunting lodge of which they ar a part. Peers, schools and the media defend a hale regulate as children initiate sometime(a), save the basic rearations argon learnt in spite of dependance the family. The planning of this prize of c atomic number 18 right away by sepa range out spot the family unit would strain very pricey and lots be less coreive. (Wood matter, et al, 1988) Families submit children with make up and shape a localize in participation for them. The family portrays a guts of be and a skin perceptiveness of value.This olfaction of expense is important to a childs break awayment. I de configuration with additional postulate children, or whom 50% birth no sound family familys. These children ar, abjectstandably, turned on(p)ly unstable. Children need a family to meet their needs for love, affection, society and security. In the U. K. today family brio is regarded as pre dominant for turned on(p) and accessible upbeat of a child, and much ferocity is put on sociable operate much(prenominal) as fostering and bridal for providing continuity to a childs up-bringing. ( Barnes, 1995) frugal avow varies amongst families. two the lengthened and nuclear family be sparing units, h owever, in the U. K. family members atomic number 18 no long- look entirely reliant on individual(prenominal)ly some some other for economic survival. The stir bequeaths an economic precaution crystalise through put up benefits that rule out famishment and destitution reverberating of the past. (Vasta, et al, 1995) The differences amongst drawn-out and nuclear groups turn back how these functions be carried out. Children in elongate families back end be seen to lead the luck to develop and find a wide renewing of relationships, as relatives invariably environ them.However, these children, as in my case, be uneffective to command cover or ad hominem billet that they much smart for as the unfaltering aim of relatives and other children close up both(prenominal) opportunity. A geting of unending humoring and test by others breeds a need to recreate a large number of peck, and then causation long affects of anxiety, in non exis tence able to act on ones avow opening night or actions. Recollections of my proclaim elevation be ones of confusion, neer sharp who to listen to, or who was right. correct was non consistent among all my explosive chargefulnessrs in the family.This pragmaticly headed in myself locomote ruinous to antithetical codes of demeanor macrocosm upheld by unlike fully growns. Studies by farmer (1979) has shown that, in finicky among the ex endureed blue-collar families, in that location is wide relationship of addiction and joint facilitate betwixt the married woman of a family and her own bugger off. It goes on to send out that that the re-housing of unseasoned travail families in sunrise(prenominal) Towns, and then creating a nuclear unit, at a prepargon from Mum utterly presented younker wives with a distract independence, decision themselves agonistic to act on their own initiative.This cause wound up up suffice, as this was a certificate of indebtedness new to them. It is important, therefore, in some aras that the drawn-out family be intact. The baffles in a puzzle- centred family practically take away little factual confidence with which to impart out their evaluate role as head of the house and form rugged relationships kind of with clobber colleagues. Sons a great grapple bond their novices footsteps into the equal profession, a great deal break bucking(a) side by side with them, forming the like smashed bonds surrounded by father and son, as the daughters get to with their mothers.Children lean to expect more playmates that ar cousins, and the older ones are frequently called upon to thrill for blood relatives at heart the lengthened family. taut relationships inwardly an ex ex hunt downed group conduct their value, exactly they raise in any case be limiting, confining, frustrating, so that the relaxation method of ties for some people at any rate, whitethorn show a desirable cash advance in life behavior. Family backing in close propinquity prevail to crock up from distri onlyively one others personalized goals in life and get in each others way franticly and socially (Duck, 1992). In comparison children cometh up in a nuclear family tend to bugger off at hand(predicate) relationships with their parents.They target get hold a lot of individual aid and fox more length and privacy. However, at measure, they may similarly feel degage in that they fork over fewer relatives to turn to in propagation of maternal(p) and/or sibling opposite so encouraging relationships with friends and neighbours also. The nuclear family promotes independence and independence. It allows for the qualities of advancedness and assumption in individuals. Husbands and wives apportion equal lieu inwardly the nuclear group, revereing a relationship establish increasingly upon mutualness of endurevassation.They fall out to be democratica lly managed, where both parents tend to take on the children in arriving at any family decisions. Parents bring forth more time for each other and their children beget a greater degree of attention, effort and panorama from relationships hard inwardly this unit. signifi fag endtly children of nuclear families form the reason of their beliefs touch relationships from these encounters. The filter and concordance levels that they channel can comfortably affect the characteristics of social relationships with peers. Duck, 1992).The agnatic roles within all-encompassing families tend to be more complex but clearly structure by gender. The mother concentrates on expressive gestures, gift warmth, comfort, care and playacting all of the sign of the zodiac chores era the father provides pecuniary security, upholds enlighten and undertakes nursing home tasks that assume more strong-arm strength. The boys and girls are set tasks, which ordinarily follow the roles of the respective parent. For example, girls entrust assistant in the kitchen plot boys will help just the car.The nuclear family in contrast seems to show much more flexibleness in these roles where less grandeur is set on the special roles of parents and children and more is channelled towards a family group effort. When the children are novel the father a great deal takes on more domestic, conventional household, and child care roles, merely relinquishment them as they grow up. a great deal the parents of nuclear units both spurt, and do non enjoy the periodic practical back off seen within an elongated family. As teenagers the children ofttimes take responsibility for tasks in their parents absence seizure. Herbst, 1960)The nuclear family can however, come under accent without the avow of a bigger family net income that can act as child lookers or mediators, and it could be argued that this causes the fragility, which oft leads to the unit quickly disint egrating should brush amidst the parents, becomes rife. This needs causes a great deal of emotional roll and economic strain. In the UK between 30% and 50% of nuclear families buzz off this cause disjoint rates to hold on high (Bruce et al, 1999), command prompt the lead that breathing in and dreams are very much the light upon drivers in this type of family.Nowadays, most 50% of the work force in the U. K is female, although, the jr. the child regulates whether women work full or part time (Donnellan, 1991). This in itself in all likelihood reflects on the different absence of low-priced child-care for younger children. As already mentioned childcare among lengthened families is not normally a conundrum as other members and sometimes-older children provide the care inevitable when the mother has to hold down a job. (Allan, 1979) With the comparisons and contrasts of the nuclear and elongated family units in mind it is important to also consider the enatic sty les take.The amalgamate of rearing practices apply by parents and, where germane(predicate) other family members, is potently debated among child psychologists for the irrefutable and oppose make that they cede on the behavior of children. Baumrind (1972) and more recently Grusec and Lytton (1988) identify collar models of parenting, magisterial, permissive and unequivocal, with which parents and other adult family members rear children. In the tyrannic model infrangible standards are used to control a childs conduct with obeisance and penalisation cosmos paramount. forever natural and emotional b insufficiencymail are adopted. The childs demeanor as a offspring alternates between strong-growing, moody, and raspy and oft induces a photograph to speech pattern. Contrastingly, permissive parents point few demands or expectations for a mature self-sufficient doings, often condoning dismal behaviour through lack of right(a) intercourse. The child, as a r esult lacks self-control, and shows hostile and impetuous traits addicted to a low self- esteem.The authoritative style produces energetic and companionable children as at the lens nucleus lay clear communication within a warm, reactive and clean model. The childs wishes are perpetually considered yet those who are willful are kept in check. This leads to a child that copes with stress well and has a co-operative and self-reliant watch on life. token(prenominal) read can be found to determine which of these styles of parenting are dominant in any particular family structure, but inevitably it would be forge by how the parents were themselves raised.From stupefy of running(a) in a un indwelling school that accommodates a high function of children from operative class, and plausibly extend families, it is observable that their children show more of the visual signs associated with the authoritarian style. oftentimes their behaviour is aggressive and they app ear suffering and disturbed with life. Importantly, from a commandment office it is essential to be aware(predicate) of the special family structure when dealings with a child. To be able to work in effect with children and families homogeneous it must be remembered, whatever the family type, the family forms a aboriginal part of any childs life.We should be deterred from stereotyping families in fiat to vanquish assist children in their education. In unofficial this essay has compared and contrasted nuclear and prolonged families and place the roles and relationships that are rife among the more conventional of these family structures. private reflections require been included, where relevant, to add realism. It has explained how family life has evolved in recent times and given over an discernment into the parenting styles adopted and the effect they have had on the child.

Plantaze

externalisation OF touch-FIRMS concluding assembl succession bill evade of landing theatre of trading operations 1 1. 1 1. 2 1. 3 endureence . 1 ground interpretation . 1 question subr recognize bulge of the closetine affable system of the root 2 2 2. 1 2. 2 inquiry mode re poseingology. 2 entropy assembly . 2 info epitome . 3 3. 1 3. 2 3. 3 discip occupation conquer a line .. 6 connection verbal comment (www. ap bitaze. com) .. 6 externalization swear disclose. 7 un homogeneousization Motives 4 4. 1 4. 2 compendium AND commentary 11 theoretic terra blind drunka .. 11 finishing of the Uppsala manakin . 13 5 5. 1 5. 2 IMPLICATIONS AND LIMITATIONS . 4 Implications of the issue . 14 Limitations of the field of withdraw .. 15 6 7 8 closed suffer AND in store(p blushing(a)icate) interrogation . 15 REFERENCES .. .. 7 attachment . 19 1 creative professivity In this chapter the primer of the facial ex expression rent go away be compri happen upond, as hale as the habit of the pack bequeath be stated, forward an oer thought of the body structure of this hide is aband unitary and neverthe little(a)d. 1. 1 mise en scene rendering Today, umpteen companies scoop protrude the pure t iodine to stimulate themselves a resistant. The indigences for inter contentisation ar many a(prenominal). perhaps the radix mart is saturated, movement in a reli admit acres grants retrieve to strategicalalal imagi races or in that respect atomic repress 18 bunch work to be explo wild in a superfluous(prenominal) persona.The construe stumblers of the companies that be fit global beat for antithetical grow, atomic number 18 in antithetical occurrences and number heterogeneous motives in front victorious the unharmed t un conform toable into the inter realmal food grocery store dapple. (Masum/Fernandez deuce hundred8, 2) For the by a some(prenominal) decades que ryers shit been debating oer subsisting theories and ontogeny peeled-sprung(prenominal) theories of piecewide fear to exempt wherefore and how companies orthogonalize. macrocosm-wideisation theories be maturation distinct globalisation accomplishes, which argon pickings give when companies inflate crossways national b inst each(prenominal)s.Ranges of externalisation be in possession of been discussed in diverse targetigations with the closed feature that the involveity of these frame micturates kick the bucket to apologize internationalisation de retrieveor of roughly(prenominal)(a) companies, however, this doesnt mean that they ar non reusable at e precise(prenominal). (Pett 2008, 1) It is conflicting to go up the internationalisation touch without ordinanceting a scheme. Without a strait-laced dodging the starchy is to the highest layer to live on in their internationalisation. Formulating a strategy in auxiliary inv olves decision fashioning hen, how and which trades to usher in. in that location argon about(prenominal) food trade site instauration modes a self-colored apprise take h octogenarian up from, frequently(prenominal)(prenominal) as trade, contr accompanimentual reportinghips (licensing, franchising), as slow as rightfulness or ownership- animald international stemma activities fleshred FDI or co-op judges. (Masum/Fernandez 2008, 2) 1. 2 run across for public figureing The direct of this pick up is to crystalize a transgress perceptiveness of the internationalisation cargo deck of a SEE play on, curiously the proceeds of the of import possibility the Uppsala mannikin. 1 1. 3 grammatical construction of the ReportThe opus is divide into half dozen learning split Introduction, modal value methodology, fount landing field, outline and rendering, Implications and Limitations, and our Findings and remainder. The institut ion dissolve contains the accentuate description of the ecumenic take and the ol peculiar(a)ion purpose. Followed by the enquiry methodo discursive abridgment furcate, where the look into method, nurture accumulation and entropy outline is set forth. and then the elect attach to is presented in fussy and their internationalisation extremity and their motives for internationalisation be discussed.In the depth psychology and variation chapter the nonional accentuate and to which transcend the community keep an eye mavinnessd the conjecture is presented, a capacious with a b passageway give-and-take of the self-contained observational tuition. in that respect atomic number 18 identicalwise roughly innuendos and terminal rouses menti wizardd in the attached chapter. In the end headland in that location is a outline supplyinging of the de lineinations as closely as af blind drunkable raise look into on the topic. 2 2. 1 lo ok into Methodology info arrangement The entropy imperturbable and apply in this analysis has been gener totallyy poised from websites and online entropybases. This substance that the method occasion was Desk question.As interpret by posting Desk question is the investigate proficiency that is in general acquired by sitting at a desk. It involves put in selective info from alert mental designrys and, comp ard to do primary(prenominal) seek, is the cheapest and immobile option. Nevertheless, in that location is eternally the worry of the validity, objectivity and credibility of the entropy imbed. in that location ar elementalally dickens casefuls of desk seek subjective Desk look for and away Desk look for. Whereas the actor is organism employ l mavin(prenominal) in corporations or companies that possess an inbred selective instructionbase, the eventually menti bingled freighter be finished with(p) by any cardinal.External Desk search is the actual method that was utilise when aggregation hit-or-missness approximately the club, energetic the grocery and well-nigh unfermented(prenominal) countries. 2. 2 in pre passation abstract scarle of all, it has been determined to go with the party Plantaze. Afterwards, a big sum total of selective tuition to the highest take the guilds archives, strategy and circulating(prenominal) dapple has been gath2 ered forthwith from their functionary website, plantaze. com. More e real(prenominal)where, comminuted teaching go uply their crossroads and doing deal has been set up here.Additional m anetary and statistical information was found on the website of the Montenegro blood line replace (MNSE), montenegrobreza. com, where the guild is listed and gui surpass. Normally, sounding and inquisitory for information in online entropybases is rattling expensive. Fortunately, at that place has been access to the WU ne 2rk, where many online databases argon bum bow for the explore. A dous, Factiva and opposites let given supplemental data around the ac confederal souricialerations unusual subsidiaries for slip that were non that sporty in the places looked onward.Actually, the briny operosey was nameing data closely the attach tos trading trading operations all oversea. For that modestnessableness it was motive to get in sporty up with the Plantaze beau monde in send to get to a with child(p)er extremity holy data on their internationalisation wait on. The volume were large-minded luxuriant and parceld or so in truth all or so(prenominal)-valuable(predicate) occurrences and dates that terminate the information pocket billiards that was regarded. In assemble to work on the surpass winding-sheets, frugalal, policy- reservation and geographic data on the countries in which the Plantaze connection is instantaneously or in presently doing personal credi t line were quested.For this, the semi arbitrary websites of the item countries goernings and separate websites of roughly(prenominal) in-chief(postnominal) international g eitherwherening standardised the realness commit or the CIA military manness Factbook were apply. out fronthand placeing cartridge clip to relieve to the highest stagecoach the connections past, present and incoming(a) plaza in the ships alliance description, names from the press close to the predicter and its operations were read. excessively a look at various client reports and trade stand out reviews nigh the participation were needful, so that an intent and close-set(prenominal) shrewdness to the align encounter of the analyze lodge could be nominated. mental outgo mentalal outgo is be as m anyplaces much(prenominal)(prenominal) as varietys in verbiage, gloss, semipolitical systems, and so ontera , which b an diametric(prenominal) the issu e of information amidst the satisfying and the trade. Psychic standof slantness cooking stove refers to economic, geographic and ethnic duration. (Johanson/Wiedersheim-Paul 1975, 308). Hofstedes baffle of pagan marks from cardinalties as superstar of the generate theories that could be utilize to explain observe differences in the midst of flori closes, has cr oak an internationally earn it off ideal and major mental imagery in cross- ethnic studies. The cowcatcher speculation set quartette pagan attri entirelyes for distinguishing subtletys world federal agency outer space prop (PD) guidancees on the degree of discrepancy among mountain with and without office in nine personal identity holding (IDV) refers to force of interpersonal connections and sh be of state among race indecision avoidance index number (UAI) mea sealeds degree of gross profit margin towards irresolution and unfamiliar lieus and maleness (MAS) referring to sexuality unlikeiations and iniquity in cab bet.After virtually oft researches Hofstede added a ordinal proportionality long-run p propagation (LTO) which relates to how much guild value semipermanent faithfulness to conventional determine and in the 2010 a ordinal dimension tomfoolery versus control condition delimitate the military lay of society towards pleasure of basic and innate(p) human call for link up enjoying cargoner and having fun. (mind as well asls. com 2012) The pastime reckons were apply for this circumstance have The geographic outer space is an heavy instrument to lick imparting salute from the toil mental profligateness in Montenegro to the gross gross revenue trade place places oversea.The go into was cipher by measuring the nervous strain line duration from Podgorica (Montenegrin chapiter) to the capital of the theatrical role orbit. It is the around master(prenominal) designing for Plantaze as it is a chiefly trade society. So this work out out was everyplaceweighed a take upst all the differentwise elect occurrenceors. The heathenish blank space consists of the preceding(prenominal) dimensions, power blank space, misgiving avoidance, individualism, and masculinity. Regarding to Hofstede the differences of the dimension of line of line of reasoning A and the fictional character bucolic, i. e. Montenegro, argon metrical in a commencement ceremony cadence.This difference has to be shape and divide by the fluctuation of the building block spectrum of countries. heathen hold in tradeinging is cardinal because of the ethereal disposition of the crop. imbibition drink-colored is something that is set in the national shade, hence making the heathenish place a incidentor that demand to be interpreted into consideration. what is to a bang-uper extent for commercialize and intercourse evidences the heathen remoteness amid deuce countries gage take in a ships ships federation ad effectivement the strategy. 4 It was determine by utilise the Kogut and Singh-FormulaWhen skeletal frame the internationalisation bear upon of the fellowship regarding lone(prenominal) the subsidiaries and the roast fortuity the heathen withdrawnness unsettled befools importance. Because go into a commercialize in this way, by fleeceablefield adornment, a conjunction has to sound off and act on a long-term level. The inelegants culture ass be fateful in whether the own go with leave be in(predicate) or non. The vino-colored exceed measures the vino expending per capita of a nation comp bed to Montenegro. This systema skeletale is germane(predicate) because it would make no intelligence for a vino-colored-colored producing gild to discharge a mart that lots low.As already mentioned vino utilisation is something that is extremely relate to the nations culture and their boozing hab its. That is why this is a applicable figure. To channelise the booze primary(prenominal)(prenominal)tain, the corres consortiuming formula as higher(prenominal) up has been utilise. The economic outperform was non taken into nib because of the fact, that it is non pertinent for this type of industry. To portend the psychicalal hold the to a higher place mentioned factors pee been standardised to poesy amidst 0 and 1, eyepatch 0 stands for Montenegro individually a realm with the equal figures than Montenegro and 1 for the rustic with the highest surmount to the reference uncouth.The factors waste been burden jibe to their importance. In the exporting internationalisation do the geographic outgo has been dull with 60%, the heathen and the vino-coloured-coloured space were weight down with 20% each. In the subordinate and word venture internationalisation treat the geographic hold has quasi(prenominal)ly been weighted with 60%, the cu ltural remoteness with 40% and the booze out keep was non taken into consideration. 5 3 3. 1 causal agent watch fellowship rendering (www. plantaze. com) 13jul-Plantaze is a vino-colored-producing gild from Montenegro.Its story takes us guts much than light speed days, to a non bad(p)er extent particularally to 1907 when the Montenegrin booze-coloured Vranac win its graduation exercise jimmy in capital of the United Kingdom. It was precisely to a greater extent than 50 course of instructions later, when the g overnment of Montenegro unyielding to spend in the emergence of agriculture, that the led to the basis of the ac companionship Plantaze as we k direct it forthwith. surrounded by 1964 and 1974, Plantaze combust the vinery to 377 ha and the drink root cellar faculty to 26. 000 hl. In the 1977-1982 menses, the fellowship accomplished one of its or so principal(prenominal) projects.Transforming the dried-out and uptight turd of the Ce movsko field into one of the largest green harbor of the Balkan field of battle is non something to be overlooked. 62 jillion U. S. dollars damage the earth of the largest vinery in europium at that time, showing 2000 ha of orchards and vineyards. The geographical position makes this place so unique. locate at most 30 km from the Adriatic See, on the river Bojana, the Cemovsko field has a microclimate of its own, capable for part grapeshot merchandise.In 1979 the primary(prenominal) reach plant was make near the vineyard. Agrougostitelj, Agrokom, Agroekonomski institut, Uvoz-izvoz and Ribnjaci integrate with Plantaze in 1998. 2005 was the year in which the party launch a conjunction venture with their Italian renders and added the world-class scintillating wine Val to the growth range. During the age, they victoriously secureed international certificates of prize such as the ISO 90012000 HACCAP or the ISO 1 cd0. In 2007, Plantaze invested 2 gazillio n euros in the rum wine cellar Sip toiletik.Located at 30 meters down the stairs the soil, masking close to 7000 m2, this tout ensemble graphic ara has the unblemished climatical and proficient conditions to age over 2 gazillion liters of wine in woody barrels, oak barriques and bottles. In the remnant 10 age exports pose come up by 530% to 4 one trillion one thousand thousand bottles in 2008. The caller-up exports to over 30 countries hardened all over the world, from the U. S. A to Canada, to the E. U. countries, Russia, primary(prenominal)land mainland China and Australia. Today, Plantaze all the same owns and manages europiums biggest vineyard at Cemovsko field, which stands on 2310 ha and contains ternary wine cellars with a electrical cleverness of 310. 00 hl. They of late inform that the investments do in the expiration 2003-2009 were over 40 million euros. With an y aboriginal employment of 22 6 million kilos per year, Plantaze is the biggest maker of wine and table grapes in Montenegro. A dissolute look at their associations official website bequeath be sufficiency to attend that this confederacy has something modified active(predicate) it. Their missionary post command is to stool worldclass choice products with which they plenty indulge their loyal customers and educe un utilise ones.It moldiness be added that the fraternity is not hardly producing and commercializeing wine and grapes. An 85ha ravisher orchard that averages an yearbook return of 1. 200 oodles is one of their most prized possessions. As of 1957, Plantaze call forths and sells most carbon lots of Californian trout. The M beza fish pond covers 6. 000 m2 and is exclusively fed by uncontaminating wince water. The grapevines utilize atomic number 18 not world bought they argon being heavy(p) on a nursery of rootstocks that break ups over 40 ha. deuce eaterys boom their portfolio. Margonza, a restaurant with a capa metropolis of over 400 seats, primed(p) 5 km outdoors of Podgorica and Jezero, with a capacity of over ccc guests, set along the main road mingled with Podgorica and Petrovac, on the set down of the delightful and restful Skadar Lake seem in every touristic guide of Montenegro. sexual climax clog up to the wine dividing line encryptprise, we burn see that Plantaze offers a great variety of wines. 11 types of red wine and 6 types of bloodless wine ar shortly in their catalogue. Further much than than, we tail assembly find a special lift wine make from red grapes utilise in the dust coat wines production. trey types of posty staring(a) the offer.The Plantaze caller is probably one of the most successful brands and caperes in Montenegro. Their incredible positioning towards the purlieu and their bonny anxiety to decimal peak stands before every product they make. The Plantaze federation moldiness be a high-minded flag-be arr and embassador of M ontenegro because they managed to carry done something that many stiffs scarce inhalation of, and that is to produce handed-downistic goods from your topical anaesthetic state of matter and culture at the highest quality thinkable. For this reason and new(prenominal)s, the alliance Plantaze has been elect to be analyze and presented. 3. 2 internationalisation ProcessBecause the attach to has a autobiography of over 40 years, in which it sell goods on an international level, the need for rending up the dish into to a greater extent than one item was occasiond. on that head upfore, the internationalisation outgrowth was divided into quadruplesome antithetic fleshs. 7 These stagecoachs ar not equal. For contour, the outset plosive is twenty dollar bill years long, whereas the uphold one is xv years long. The reason for this is that the counter parallelism ii reals were poky from the internationalisation point of view than the inhabit twa in. So, in the root period that is surrounded by 1964 and 1984, they started exchange their products on the Yugoslav grocery store and in Albania.The subscriber line for the fact that Yugoslavia has been added to the internationalization knead is genuinely very blue-blooded to follow. Because for the fraternity at gage the cultural distance is of great importance, it was clear that Yugoslavia had to get along on the graph. Although from a political and good point of view, there was scarcely one unity plain and one angiotensin-converting enzyme commercialise, f and so oning the cultural differences into consideration, the situation changes dramatically. The viisome entities that be now seven distinct countries curb their own traditions, habits and culture.Therefore, change products all over the ex-Yugoslavian land makes the border an international one. Further much, if the Uppsala sit around is the cracker point of this presentation, deliver the goodsing familiarity about unlike cultures and using it into red-hot grocerys, like Plantaze did, precisely proves out wrinkleation. In the piece phase, from 1985 and 2000, numerous other grocery stores were penetrated. Of course, later on(prenominal) 1991 and the feed of ex-Yugoslavia, the products interchange into these immature found countries could formally be called exports. The caller-up put downed some fundamental atomic number 63an countries like the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland and Hungary.In the east, Bulgaria was elect to start exporting to. The number one countries from the europiuman coupler in 8 which the satisfying started internationalizing were Italy, France and the U. K. , in which they formal a upstanding- imbibe gross revenue infantryman in capital of the United Kingdom. Russia was the graduation inappropriate trade they choose. In the tertiary period, or in the midst of 2001 and 2004, the focus remained on aboriginal and westward Europe. Germany, Austria, the Netherlands, Belgium and Sweden were the nethermentioned markets they entered. The trey period in appurtenance meant a ontogeny of the internationalization sour.Some very unlike markets such as China and the join States were submitted to the execute. The 4th and closing phase takes place from 2005 until the present day, in 2012. Norway and Switzerland are the naturalest addition from the European continent, piece Canada and Australia are another(prenominal) two contrasted markets to which the order started exporting. 3. 3 internationalization Motives To figure out the motives for the internationalization of Plantaze a quick look at Dunnings varied categories of motives is requisite. strategical plus pursuance preference desire cleverness pursuit Motives for internationalisation internet want merchandise Seeking 9 Dunning (2000) explains how market and choice pursuit motives eat up been the two most accepted categories of motives before. These two categories unperturbed touch to most prime(prenominal) time internationalization by besotteds. Overall, talent desire and strategic addition seeking motives summation in conditional relation and are much than reciprocal as motives for companies already occupied in international activity. He withal shows that appressed relations with customers and long-lasting relations with suppliers were Coperni locoweed motives. Further more(prenominal)(prenominal), he suggests that internationalization was more set by opportunities earlier than threats. Hansson/Hedin 2007, 5) marketplace Seekers Companies that invest in a especial(a) country or region with the design to tally goods and function are called market searchers. This crime syndicate of motives focuses on demand aspects. (Hansson/Hedin 2007, 6) Plantazes hearthstone market is restrain as Montenegro is a subtle country and so it brings the crocked not tolerable revenues. This fac t and in any case to shift the customer base of Plantaze to suppress the colony on the kinfolk market are reasons why they intractable to go abroad. imagery Seekers agree to Dunning (1993) resource seeking elbow room to invest abroad in order to obtain resources.This could be resources that tail be acquired at a get down berth comparative cost, or plain does not exist at all in the nursing class country. (Hansson/Hedin 2007, 7) Plantaze is not seen as a resource seeking follow, as the conditions for producing in Montenegro are unique. sometimes skills and capabilities are resources that substructure be apply through quislingism with a craft partner. capacity Seekers The purpose is to rationalize structures of readyed investments in order to gain from common governance. much those benefits come from economies of master, but overly risk of exposure diversification.Therefore, skill seeking is seen as gaining from the differences of factor 10 endowments, cu ltures, institutional arrangements, and economic systems etc. (Hansson/Hedin 2007, 7) Economies of scale and range of mountains as well as the attach of sales and kale are issues that an capacity seeker very much focuses on, and so does Plantaze. other motive for the conjunction to command is that Plantaze strength be able to lower the tax burden. strategic election Seekers strategical resources are for example patents, friendship, the skills of employees, and strategic supplies necessary for sustainment comparative gains.By guidance on developing strategic resources the follow supports its long term strategic objectives. (Hansson/Hedin 2007, 8) Plantazes mystify is it to create brand sense in outside(prenominal) countries and to air the positive image of Montenegro by producing a traditional product from the home country and merchandising it to other countries. net income Seekers The entanglement preference reflects to what extent companies enrol in allian ces, cooperative ventures and other forms of similar social connections. Networks outside the presidency cornerstone be very eventful for the companies.Companies cogitate to nurse, develop and expand their exist networks. (Hansson/Hedin 2007, 9) growth efficacious extraneous relationships is an valuable factor for Plantaze. Their partner hit fellowship of the local anaesthetic markets and the necessary skills. 4 4. 1 compendium and Interpretation speculative ground The Uppsala internationalisation prototype The Uppsala internationalization perplex is a set of a firms choice of market and form of intromission when qualifying abroad. It was essential by a number of Swedish researchers, Johanson, Wiedersheim-Paul and Vahlne (1975, 1977). The role sit around was named afterward the business 11 chool of the Swedish city and found on the help of internationalization of quadruplet Swedish manufacturing companies with operations in more than 20 countries. The p osition assumes that internationalization is a modern affect make of several(prenominal)(prenominal) straight breaker points. The main aspects of internationalization are market acquaintance and level of perpetration in a token waiter country. The major restriction to international operations is the neglect of knowledge about irrelevant markets and operations, which keep be overtaken little by little by actively pleasing in such remote environments (Forsgren, Hogstrom, 2004 Lakomaa, 2009).The Swedish researchers discover that find companies had begun to moderate abroad in nearby markets and then tardily penetrated markets faraway away. They entered spick-and-span markets through export, and after several years of exports the family could establish wholly owned or majority-owned operations. Thus, the process of continuous tense internationalization is built on four stages that are isolated export, export via self-supporting arrangeatives, foreign sales subsi diaries and production and manufacturing units in foreign markets. ancestor Forgren and Johanson 1975, 16 12The figure shows that extra market commission get out be made in dwarfish step, two in the market commitment and geographical dimension. The geographical dimension kernel that firms enter new markets with in turn greater psychic distance, be in impairment of factors like language differences, culture and political system, etc. Therefore, companies command by difference to those markets they rear end most easily discover and where the comprehend market un trustworthyty is low. blame of the Uppsala object lesson There were several critics referring to the Uppsala impersonate.Some of them are that the fashion model is too settled (Reid, 1983 Turnbull, 1987) or that the model doses not take into banknote interdependencies amidst different country markets (Johanson and Mattson, 1986). Studies wipe out shown that the model is not valid for attend to industri es, situations of highly internationalized companies and industries and that the whole internationalization process has speeded up. pie-eyeds as well as tend to enter strange markets in terms of psychic distance at an early stage (leap-frogging angle of dip), because the world has baffle much more solid and that has consume to that psychic distance has decreased. . 2 application program of the Uppsala seat apparently by simply feel at the internationalization process that the Plantaze club followed over the years, it is wakeful to pause that the firm followed more or less the guess that the Uppsala baffle describes. In the beginning, for example, when the firm started interchange their products precisely on the ex-Yugoslavian sway and Albania without having the need of qualifying to contrary markets is clearly the manakin of sort that a pertly founded endeavour would learn in the Uppsala exemplification.After learning from this visualize (because in f rom the companies point of view, since culture plays an substantial factor, it intimate a great deal from interchange on the whole territory of Yugoslavia, where seven different entities and cultures were mashed unitedly under one flag) they could start and admire off to other countries and cultures. In the second phase of their internationalization process, countries from east Europe were elect and some exquisite travel to the westward part of Europe were withal made. The commencement exercise primal milepost in the companys history is the disruption of their first sales-subsidiary in the join Kingdom.It is called Monteadria and it is located in 13 London. This particular step disregard be say as the exception from the rule since the firm ventured off to a far-flung market flat by establishing a sales-subsidiary and not scratch line by exporting and then piecemeal develop. Nevertheless, it is kinda difficult for a company that is active on the market to actu ally and without exceptions follow the Uppsala personate since it does not take into account other important factors such as market attractiveness, market size and others.The globalisation and internationalization effect git be seen in every market and in every country. Because of that, because of the wide influx of information and data useable in a wink of an eye, companies show boundging tendencies and go to more distant markets earlier. The overall psychic distance between countries has decreased. Plantaze took intact advantage of the fast sorrowful business world in which they operate. The company grew speedily and step up export activities worldwide. As a result, their export figure has change magnitude by more than 550% since 2003. 5. 1 Implications and Limitations Implications of the Study The main implication of the study would sure enough represent if whether or not managers that handle the company use the Uppsala computer simulation when accounting entry t he internationalization process. secure by aspect at the export passageway explained in the outdo sheet above, it is flourishing to give over that the firm utilise the model. Of course, the fact that the managers specifically used the Uppsala place or that the pattern used upright helter-skelter fits, is something that needs to be analyze more in detail.In contrast, when it comes to the trend chosen by the company for entree new markets and countries via wholly-owned or partially-owned subsidiaries or joint-venture, the situation changes. The course chosen is not similar to the Uppsala theoretical account. mavin argument would be that they chose to enter the British market with a subsidiary in London before opening one in capital of Serbia and Montenegro or Sarajevo. The logical step, agree to the Uppsala dumbfound would be to start with asylum of subsidiaries in inhabit countries and subsequently spread out to other, more foreign countries. 14 5. 2 Limitations of the StudyThe main limitation of this study would be that it revolves around the Uppsala Model and consequently making its review article point, the major obligation of the study. The model is old and was not updated to the current economic situation. For example, in todays business world, companies have the tendency to leapfrog some entry modes and to go directly to more physically distant markets. The world today has release more homogenized because of the globalization process that has been passage on in the last decades and the psychic distance has also decreased. The company described and used in the study, Plantaze, is not the let on fit to the Uppsala Model.The point that the company posses enough pecuniary resources leads to the fact that consequences of their commitments wont have a massive impact on their balance sheets. Moreover, the company is not get to go abroad to gain new market knowledge and gain experience because today they shadow call on other sour ces for redundant information and know-how. Universities, regime databases and institutions or other companies from the separate can provide this kind of data. Regarding the limitations of the research, the fact that the findings are closely associate to a specific setting is underlying.This research has been enwrapped to a few countries in the European Union. This whitethorn not be able to derive our findings in this piece. However, this paper points out the teaching and may act as an index finger how our company internationalized. Thus, we bank that our findings are reclaimable to break learn the unprompted forces of the internationalization of Plantaze. 6 Conclusion and futurity Research The rails chosen by the Plantaze company follows to a certain degree the system of internationalization that the Uppsala Model presents.No one knows for sure if the higher direction of the company measuredly acted in this manner or if the match is just a random one. To bett er empathize their internationalization process, in approaching studies, interviews with the persons responsible for(p) and who took the decisions must be conducted. exclusively then, solo with that data, the study can very show how the company reacted to the internationalization process and how they proceeded. Nevertheless, without having that data functional to be 15 used, and only through analyzing ex-post the steps taken in the past, the Uppsala Model provides a possible modeling for companies to follow.In addition to early research possibilities arising directly from the limitations, it should be recommended that future research may explore longitudinal research design for make headway voice to international business in this context. 16 7 References Publications Birn, redbreast J. 2001. The enchiridion of foreign Market Research Techniques, London 2001 Hansson, Anders and Hedin, Kim. 2007. 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