Barack Obama’s $ 350 Billion Request in Relation to Fiscal Policy

The declaration of recession by the United States of America has been the official indicator that the country is indeed very much affected by the global financial crisis. The country is facing difficulties in many areas especially when it comes to the situation of their economy. This is clearly exemplified by an article that features President-elect Barack Obama urging the Congress to allow his administration to use the other $ 350 billion of the $ 700 billion rescue package. The main objective of the Obama administration is to use the $ 350 billion of financial bailout funds to help the Main Street more rather than the Wall Street. This amount of money will become available to the Treasury Department within the span of 15 days unless the Congress will pass a law to prevent it (Kelley and Fritze). However, some Republicans clearly oppose the plan to spend more. They justified such position with their perspective that such plan will not be effective. These Republicans asserted that they will only support the spending if there are assurances that the money will not be misspent. There are also some American citizens who are also skeptical about Obama’s plan because of the mismanagement of the first $ 350 billion during the Bush Administration. On the other hand, those who support Obama’s request understand the weariness of the people but they encourage them not to prevent the Obama Administration to use the funds because of their disappointment with the previous administration. President Obama sought to reassure the Congress by promising them that there will be transparency to the process and more money will be directed to address the foreclosure crisis. This is in support with the letter sent by Obama’s economic adviser Lawrence Summers to the Congressional leaders that the country’s fragile economy entails them to act â€Å"both quickly and wisely† (Kelley and Fritze). The economic principle applicable to this article is fiscal policy. Fiscal policy pertains to the â€Å"deliberate changes in government spending and tax collections designed to achieve full employment, control inflation, and encourage economic growth† (McConnell and Brue 214). In relation with this, the request of President Obama for $ 350 billion exemplifies fiscal policy. The situation of the country under which the President made this request is in time of recession. It is said that fiscal policy is most applicable in such kind of economic condition. During time of recession, an expansionary fiscal policy is a possible way to address the problem. A possible reason behind the occurrence of recession is that the profit expectations on investment project have dimmed which curtailed investment spending and decreased aggregate demand. In this case, the federal government has three main options that it can use in order to stimulate the economy. These options are: (1) Increase government spending, (2) reduce taxes, or (3) use some combination of the two (McConnell and Brue 215). It is quite observable that President Obama opted to choose the first option, which is increased in government spending. A sufficient increase in the spending of the government can aid in pushing the economy out of recession. This will address one of the problems in times of recession because increased government spending will also increase aggregate demand. Nevertheless, the initial increase in aggregate demand is not the end because the multiplier effect will increase the original money spent by the government. The greater shift in the aggregate demand curve due to the multiplier process that magnifies the initial variation in spending into more successive rounds of new consumption spending (McConnell and Brue 215-216). Lastly, the political considerations that are observable in the article are also a part of implementing fiscal policy. This is due to the fact that fiscal policy is conducted in the political environment. As a result, economic considerations might be taken aside because of political concerns. It is also a common practice for politicians to rationalize actions and policies that are beneficial to one’s interest (McConnell and Brue 223). This is clearly proven by the opposite poles that the Republicans and Democrats have with regards to this issue.

Enron-The Smartest Guys in the Room paper Essay

Answer the following questions based on the film Enron: The Smartest Guys in the Room (2005). 1. (a) Describe the ownership structure at Enron. (b) How did the ownership structure contribute to the Enron scandal? (15 points) When Enron became a publicly traded company, the employees and executives had more incentive to manipulate earnings and financials. With the shift in structure, there were more external stakeholders to satisfy, which caused the company to focus on short-term results, rather than long-term interests. The company went as far as to trade all sorts of things, including weather and broadband, in order to gain support from investors. Enron got a lot of that support. Investment banks put about $25 million each into the company. With high stakes and image on the line, Enron manipulated earnings to drive stock prices up through mark-to-market accounting to please its stakeholders. 2.(a) Describe the following three leaders: Ken Lay, Jeff Skilling, and Andy Fastow. (b) How did EACH leader contribute to the scandal? (20 points) Ken Lay was a very ambitious man. He was the son of a poor Baptist preacher. Because of Lay’s humble roots, Lay worked several jobs as a kid. He always dreamed about being a businessman one day and making huge wealth for himself. Lay believed he could have a better life with more wealth. He also believed in government deregulation. Lay had a PhD in economics. He aggressively pushed for deregulation of energy markets in Washington. His goal was to liberate businessmen from government’s hold. He took advantage of government letting energy prices float with the market, and started Enron Corporation through a few mergers. Jeffrey Skilling, former CEO of Enron, was said to be â€Å"incandescently brilliant† by many at Enron. In reality, he was a risky, danger-seeking gambler. Skilling had a Darwinian view and strongly beli eved in the idea of â€Å"survival of the fittest†. He implemented a group called the Performance Review Committee. The committee was involved in the â€Å"rank and yank† system, in which the bottom 15 percent of the company got fired each year. This ultimately led to numerous unethical actions and turning a blind eye to fraud because of employees’ determination for job  security. Skilling was a former nerd, and went on to change himself. He was very admired at Enron. When he got Lasik surgery, everyone else did too. Skilling was responsible for making energy into a tradable entity and for his advocacy of mark-to-market accounting, which was the main tool for Enron’s earnings manipulation. Fastow was a very greedy man. He served as CFO of Enron. He was responsible for running numerous companies that partnered with Enron. He mainly worked to cover up the financial fantasy land that Lay and Skilling had created. He was hired before age 30 by Skilling to join Enron. He always idolized Skilling and wanted to please him. He ended up hiding about $30 billion in debt through his companies. In addition, he skimmed off many of the deals he made, using Enron stocks as collateral. Fastow did not have a strong moral compass, and would play to the greed of the investment banks. He would offer investment banks accounts for their silence. One analyst, John Olsen, star ted to question the firm, and weeks later, was fired by the investment bank because Fastow paid off the bank with big Enron accounts. 3.(a) Describe the organizational culture at Enron. (b) How did the organizational culture contribute to the Enron scandal? (15 points) The culture at Enron was very cut-throat and filled with greed. Money drove the company and its employees. In fact, even the elevators had displays of the stock prices. The company was overtaken by hubris as well. Everyone was on the bandwagon—the accounting firm, investors, executives, and employees. The entire company thought it was changing the world. Everyone was blinded by arrogance, greed, and money. Enron was always portrayed as a super power in the market. It was said that is someone wanted to be part of the market, they had to go through Enron. In addition, many employees, including Skilling, were former nerds and had something to prove. There was a very macho culture at Enron. Skilling would organize dangerous, macho trips for employees and big clients. The stories from these adventures became legend. One man almost died from a flipp ed Jeep. Stories like that were legendary in the office. The culture ultimately led Enron to scandal because of the ideas it had put into people’s heads—that money drove everything and cash was king. 4.(a) Describe the performance management/reward system at Enron. (b) How did the performance   management/reward system contribute to the Enron scandal? (20 points) The reward systems were big. The executives and employees were all fans of the â€Å"pump and dump† system in which the employees drove the stock prices up, and would them sell the stocks off. The company was consumed by stock prices, as stocks were a large part of the compensation structure at Enron. Even the elevators had stock prices posted, so people could be reminded daily that there was more money to be made. The cash bonuses were extravagant too. In fact, a 25-year-old made a $5 million bonus. Executives were given multi million dollar bonuses. In addition, to prevent anyone from raising any flags, Enron played on the greed of the outside accounting firm, Arthur Anderson, as well as law firms. In fact, in 2001, Arthur Anderson got $1 million a week to keep things quiet and go along with everything. The la w firm was paid off handsomely as well. Analysts at investment banks would never really look into things because of greed as well. Because of all the bonuses, outsiders turned a blind eye, as did employees, which ultimately gave way to the scandal that ensued. 5.(a) Describe the regulatory/oversight weaknesses for Enron. (b) How did the regulatory/oversight weaknesses contribute to the Enron scandal? (15 points) Enron sought to take advantage of the low level of government regulation and the hyper capitalism created by the reigning consumer culture of the time. The company was run by a group of intelligent individuals who recognized they could take advantage of the government failure of low regulation. Early on while working for Enron, Lay founded many friends within Congress, including the friendship of George H.W. Bush and George W. Bush. The government helped in pork barrel legislation for the company, granting it even more power. In addition, Bush senior helped secure millions of subsidies for Enron and helped promote Ken Lay as ambassador of deregulation at large. In addition, even energy-specific regulators turned a blind eye. Pat Wood, chair of FERC, was recommended by Lay as chair, and would work with Enron in lack of government in tervention. Even the power plants in California were working with Enron at one point. Enron could call someone at a power plant and cause rolling blackouts in parts of California,  driving energy prices up. With support from the government and very low regulation and intervention, Enron had a clean path to scandal. 6.Describe three (3) specific ways, which are directly related to the above factors, that Enron-like scandals could be prevented in the future. (15 points) 1. Publically-traded companies should have a strong board of directors that oversees the company and does not have investment in the company. Greed drove Enron to do what it did, but a board of directors who has no stake in the company would be more objective and ethical in decision-making for the company. 2. There should be less compensation tied to stock performance, as that was a large incentive for fraud at Enron. People’s earnings were tied too closely to stock. 3. Analysts should be help more responsible for their actions. The investment banks they worked for got sued, but who’s to say the analysts who turned a blind eye ever got punished? They made the banks lots of money, so they probably kept their jobs and got a slap on the wrist. More consequence in the public eye would deter these actions in the future.

The Globalisation of Logistics & Supply Chains Management Case Study

The Globalisation of Logistics & Supply Chains Management - Case Study Example Economies that have been quite strong up to now show signs of decline. These are mainly the Western countries. On the other hand, BRIC countries have strengthened their position and seem to have potentials for a long term growth. OECD has incorporated a plan for promoting the development of economies worldwide by 2060. Emerging economies are expected to show a rapid rate of growth while Western economies are more likely to have a slow growth, as highlighted in the report of OECD. Under these terms, OECD support that MNEs are expected to change their global strategies so that they are able to respond to the global dynamics, which are based on the swifts of economic power from the countries of the TRIAD towards the BRIC countries. The above issue is explored in this paper. Emphasis is given on the influence of the changes related to global dynamics on the total global strategies of multinational enterprises (MNEs), not only for the present but also, mainly, for the future. Academic theories and models that have been developed in this field are presented and analyzed aiming to explain whether MNEs are vulnerable towards the changes occurred in global dynamics internationally. In addition, the various aspects of MNEs are presented, in order to understand the responses of MNEs to global market trends and challenges. The operation of businesses in the global market is closely related to the principles of globalization. In fact, globalization is the framework that sets the rules and the conditions under which firms are able to develop their activities worldwide (Parker 2005). In this context, the understanding of the role and the powers of MNEs requires the understanding of the characteristics of globalization (Parker 2005). In practice, globalization seems to have four key characteristics: ‘a) promotion of global interconnections, b) rapid change, c) different characteristics of participants, both in terms of their number and their

Case study Analisis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Analisis - Case Study Example Another probable cause is the old age of the aircraft. This particular aircraft was nineteen years old and had operated for 35,496 hours (Aubury, 2012). As such, its frames, joints, and skin could have been stretched as the fuselage had been pumped up the maximum level of pressure (Hawaiian Steam Engineering, 1997). The probable main cause of the accident, as determined by the NTSB, points to the fact the accident happened majorly due to structural and mechanical factors. The failure of the lap joint S-1OL and the fuselage of the upper lobe are all mechanical factors; however, there are contributing factors like which could cause the accident (Aviation Safety Network, 2012). These structural and mechanical factors were widely attributed to the failure to conduct continuous and substantive mechanism and inspection on the aircraft by the Aloha Airlines. This structural and mechanical condition was also attributed to corrosion, since the aircraft was to operate in a coastal environment and was, therefore, exposed to humidity and salt. Its old age is another reason for the mechanical breakdown that led to the accident (MacPherson, 1998). In addition, complacency on the part of Boeing about fuselage led to the mechanical failure. While Boeing was concerned about its old aircraft, its engineers had a naive faith that if a fuselage cracked anywhere, a â€Å"lead crack† would grow along the skin until it reaches the frame of the fuselage, then turn at right angles and a triangular shaped tear would eventually blow out and dump fuselage pressure safely (Hawaiian Steam Engineering, 1997). Because of this complacency, the most of the structural and mechanical aspects regarding the fuselage were ignored and this ultimately led to the accident. The Aloha Airlines also seemed to have ignored too many safety recommendations from the

Justifying Frances Demands during the Two World Wars Essay

Justifying Frances Demands during the Two World Wars - Essay Example Given her diminished state, France's demands in treaties following each of the two world wars in the 20th century is of no surprise. Thus, as this essay will argue, France's demands during World War I and World War II are essentially similar, and based on similar justifications - the fear of a German threat, worsened by the concern that her allies will not come to her aid, and the inevitable need to embark on economic reconstruction after the war - all of which shaped France's stance during post-war negotiations. In January 1919, the victorious powers after World War I, led by President Woodrow Wilson of the United States, Premier Georges Clemenceau of France, and Britain's Prime Minister Lloyd George began negotiations for what will later be known as the "Treaty of Versailles." The main goal of the treaty is, at the very least, to ensure the stability of the international system after the war (Treaty of Versailles, Article 1). ... Thus, what justifications did France have for such demands First, it is of no surprise that France, after both World War I and World War II will demand guarantees for its security justified by the fear of a possible German attack. In the case of World War I under the Treaty of Versailles, this fear is based on the fact that towards the end of the war, France is in no position to defend itself from an attack, be it Germany or another country because of the massive destruction left by the war rendering France defenceless. As Pitman Potter points out, "in case of a German attack, there can be no doubt of the reality that of the fear of such an attack on the part of the French" (1919: 666). In addition, with regard to the territorial arrangements along the Rhine, France's fear is justified because Rhine is a strategic location for France against a German invasion (Finch 1933: 727). However, what is unique about France's fear of Germany, at least after World War I is based on France's historical experience. As Potter notes, Though the need for French fear of a repeated German attack seem slight from this distance, the state of feeling in France - even in Government circles - is determined more by the facts of 1870-1914 than by the facts of 1918-1919. (Potter 1919: 665) Where during such time, France has experienced, and is still experiencing, a significant decline in its population compared to Germany. According to a census comparing French and German military manpower, the military manpower of the two countries began to display a steadily widening gap after 1870, despite the increasing rate of immigration in France such that by 1911, there existed a 3 million gap between the two countries in favour of France (Population Index 1946: 75).

Leadership Philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Leadership Philosophy - Essay Example In this regards they become well acquitted with the structural and functional components of the given organization. In a manufacturing industry, the manager may be involved in looking into the individual concerns of workers in a given department. Other than this, they can also study the working conditions as regards the environmental, social, psychological as well as the structural work set-up. Personal paradigm: This is the dimension that the leader considers when their values and beliefs. It focuses on the individual leader’s perspective on the entire organizational structure. In this sense it bears the self policies and guidelines that steer the institution towards success. They must know whether they are role models or have such competencies so as to achieve the highest organizational standards. Such questions like persistence and self motivation come about. In case of a company, there may be workers who have persistency in reporting late to work. The manager should contain them if that will best solve the concern. This dimension is what most often makes organizations have different performance records. The reason behind this is that if the leader lacks the focus and vigor, then the organization in question will also be in turmoil. Most often, when a leader in any given organization is on the forefront in advocating the organizational vision and mission that org anization will always lay a firm foundation. Moreover, it has also been confirmed that when such leaders shift to a new work place, they often set records or maintain them in the case of reputable organizations. Communication paradigm: This dimension generally is concerned with the ability of the leader to maintain a consistent flow of information in the organization by use of the right channels. The leader knows what should be in place as regards space and time. This allows for consistency amongst all workers in a given organization. Such questions that

Korea impacted by cold war, changes of the country 1991-2014 Assignment

Korea impacted by cold war, changes of the country 1991-2014 - Assignment Example In terms of economics, the greatest change was that South Korea came to integrate with the global economy to a more full and complete degree. As a result of the continual threat of invasion and the protective shield the United States provided, South Korean markets were almost entirely restricted to US export. Although this was not based on extant treaty obligations, it is clear and apparent that the United States sought to defray the massive cost of having a military presence in South Korea by essentially creating a captive market for American products and a captive market for most exports (Ginsberg, 2014). Societal changes that have taken place within Korea are mainly contingent on the societal changes that globalization has provided over the past several decades. Essentially, recognition of the fact that Korean culture is unique but not the only means by which social norms should be constructed has come to play a primary role with respect to the way in which individuals live their lives, order their families, and seek to deport themselves (Dong-Hoon & Jungmin, 2014). Changes to expectations of morality and other issues pertaining to the way in which the average Korean lives their lives have also fundamentally changed as a result of the fact that after the collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War there has been a much lower focus on the need for upholding existing tradition. Whereas this is not to say that tradition does not play a valuable role in the life of the average Korean, its prominence now as compared to 20-30 years ago is most demonstrably diminished. Of all of the changes that have been effected, the area of gender roles are likely the most recognizable shift that has taken place since the collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War. With the impact of globalization and western norms that flooded South Korea as a result of this geo-political shift and the increased

Critical Thinking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Critical Thinking - Essay Example ver, recent years have shown the will of the two nations to come a peace agreement but political analysts have argued that the influence of outside forces is greater than their will to negotiate a peace deal. One significant external force directly linked to this conflict is the United States. The United States is perceived as a great ally of the Israeli nation. At the same time the nation is directly involved in the quest for peace in the region. In an argument by Citron (2006) the relationship between the United States and Israel is the greatest hindrance to a peace strategy between the Arab and the Israeli. The author further argues that the United States protects nuclear activities carried out by Israel but greatly condemn if any Arab nations use the same weapons. With this intervention, the quest for peace in the region has become an imagination that may never be achieved. It is also an obvious assumption that the Arab population has a significant level of hate against the United States. And their involvement in the conflict in the Gaza does not make the situation better. One could easily argue that the role of the United States in this particular conflict is to safeguard its interest and their diplomatic relationship with Israel. However, to their defense the United States government has on several occasions claimed that its involvement in the conflict is based on its responsibility to stop the use of dangerous nuclear weapons rejected across the globe. Additionally, its significance in the global political front puts the nation in a position whereby it has the obligation to act as the negotiator in this conflict. In an argument by Citron (2006) with the majority of the Arab nation against the role of the United States in the conflict, would it be better if the negotiating responsibility was given to a neutral nation? The same notion is shared by Maoz (2006) who argues that the Arab/Israeli conflict has been heightened by the constant interference of the

Go Look Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Go Look - Essay Example There are layers of interpretation that can be framed for the story that operates behind the love story of Kath and Danny that delights myriad of minds along with encapsulating volleys of social issues and messages underneath. The play ‘Go Look’ opens with a young couple Kath and Danny set out for a camping in a forest at night where they hear a sound of a beast and assume it to be a wild bear. They were camping late at night and Kath sends Danny, as he was the male counterpart in the relationship, to find out the real source of the noise. After awhile, Danny comes back and Danny is found to be setting out some of his frustration towards Kath for sending him alone. Danny yields his brassy comments in a humorous tone and Kath quite smartly counters them. Until this point of time, the relationship between the couple seems to be quite conventional and their chemistry is evident as that operates between any average young couples with unresolved commonplace differences. But the ending of the play, set out in a different perspective, gives a jarring effect to the mind and soul of the readers. The young couples at conflict take decision to bring resolution to every conflict occurring between them an d learn the reason of differences and their mutual likes and dislikes henceforth. This apparently hilarious love story has a strong gender discourse beneath. Playwright Christopher Graybill wants to project the irony present in the assumed gender roles in an ordinary relationship. The male ego which comes at a logger head for following the instructions of a woman is displayed during the initial part of the play. The central idea or the core point of this play is far beyond the source of the noise. The aspirations for the deconstruction of the stereotype gender roles are evident in the play. Danny is a man and accepted with a strong image and so he is supposed to fight the beast. On the contrary,

Aging and the Elderly Essay Example for Free

Aging and the Elderly Essay Aging is the length of time during which a being or thing has existed length of life (Webster dictionary). Growing old and becoming an elderly person can be challenging but, yet it can be very rewarding, it can bring a lot of good and bad. Aging has its rewards, but it presents the challenges of all stages of life. Growing old consist of gradual, ongoing changes in the body, changes such as shrinking in height in which the elderly tends to get shorter as he or she age. Elderly people tends to have less appetite which causes them to lose weight, and a decline in strength and vitality, which can sometimes make them feels very weak at times and needs either a cane or a walker or even someone to help assist them in walking. The life expectancy in the United States is going up which means people are living longer than before due to better medications that are out there which have raised the living standards. The life expectancy in the United States in the 1900’s for women would be to live only forty eight years, and for a male the life expectancy in the United States would be to live only forty- six years, as study shows that women in the U.S lives longer than men. Now females can be expected to live eighty years plus and men can be expected to live to be seventy-five years old. Greater material wealth and advances in medicine have raised living standards so that people benefit from better housing and nutrition. Medical advances have almost eliminated infectious diseases such as smallpox, measles, and diphtheria which had killed many infants and children many years ago. (John Macionis, 2009). As life becomes longer, the oldest segment of the United States population, people over the age of eighty-five years of age is increasing rapidly and is forty times greater than in nineteen hundreds. As the average age of the population rises and the share over age sixty-five climbs ever higher, culture patterns are more likely to change, age segregation will decline as the elderly population increases, the younger population, will see more of the older population where the younger population usually are, such as malls, sporting events, and etc. Elders in the United States are men and women of all races, classes, and ethnic backgrounds. There are two types of elderly, the younger elderly, which are between the ages of sixty-five and seventy-five and lives independently with good health and financial security whom are likely to live in a house with each other as couples, then, there are the older elderly whom are past the age of seventy-five, most likely to live with a family member (usually a daughter), have health problems and financial insecurity being divorce or a widow. As someone ages there are a lot of biological and psychological changes that happens in their life, such things as Gray hair, wrinkles, and etc. The ability to learn new materials and think quickly declines. Although, aging is more visible internal, there are a lot more of internal effects of aging as well, which are more critical. As we all age, it is important for us to know the normal course of aging. What happens to us as we age? As we age, health problems start to rise at about or over the age of seventy-five, women typically lives longer than men, they tend to suffer more from chronic disabilities like arthritis. The brain As a person age and becomes an elderly, their brain undergoes different structural changes, the brain regions shrinks and becomes filled with fluid, aging impairs the ability of the brain to encode new memories and facts, while processing speed and reflexes decline. The aging of the brain can cause neurological diseases like Parkinson, Lou Gehrig’s disease and Alzheimer. Age-related changes occur in two regions of the brain. The first region is the frontal lobe, which is the area of the brain behind the forehead and the eyes. It is felt that certain memory process supported by this region degenerate with age. The other region affected by age is a C-shaped area deep inside the brain, which is known as the hippocampus, there is where there, is a dramatic deterioration of explicit memory capacities supported by this region as we get older. Intergumentary system The skin develops wrinkles and dark spots, skin becomes very easy to tear, and saggy because of the ability of the skin to produce oil, the skin becomes very dry and lusterless. The aging process affects groups of cells within hair follicle. Hair becomes thinner, hair color changes from its normal color to gray then eventually to white as cells quit functioning. Aging affects the bone strength to decline, friction between joints increases which causes pain while they move. There becomes a loss of density and strength due to porous. There is a depletion of minerals like calcium and phosphorus which makes the bones weak and fragile easily to have bone fracture which can cause an elderly person to be wheelchair or bedbound for life. Eyes, Ears (senses) Our vision changes as we age, objects appear blurred or unable to be seen. The combined alterations of the cornea, iris, lens and ciliary bodies can account for most of the age-related changes in our visual perception. The pupils become less responsive and more sensitive to glare. The iris gets stiffened, cataracts and glaucoma becomes common, we don’t see as well as we use to. The lens thickens and takes o a yellowish hue, which reduces the ability to discriminate colors in the green-blue-violet range. Most elderly people then need glasses or even a magnifying glass in order to be able to see, especially when reading. Hearing is loss because the eardrum thickens, ear cells can be damage, and in that case a hearing aid is needed in order for the elderly person to hear. Cardiovascular system What happens to the heart as we age? There is a decline in the cardiac capacity. The cardiac stroke volume rate goes down, oxygen consumption declines. Heart muscles relaxes less between beats (becomes stiffer), heart may not pump blood as efficiently, walls may thickens, and becomes less elastic, reflex that maintain blood pressure upon standing up may becomes slower. Types of heart diseases that are more common in the elderly are heart failure, isolated systolic hypertension, aortic stenosis, sick sinus syndrome, atrial fibrillation and even stroke. Digestive system The digestive system start weaken gradually, the elderly sometimes have trouble digesting foods, their diet becomes different with age, much fiber is then needed in their diet. The digestive system looses efficiency, teeth lost, and oral diseases increases with age. Esophagus wears down with time, making swallowing difficult, sphincter muscles in the stomach weakens. Digestive muscles lose some of its flexibility with age and cause an elderly unable to swallow. Reproductive system and Urinary system The reproductive system, hormones levels changes in elderly people. The change in the reproductive system changes the effect of the urinary system functions. In the urinary system, the kidneys gets smaller with age, blood flow is reduced, sensation of needed to urinate is often delayed in some people, in other elderly people they can become very unable to hold urine and have to go to the bathroom often. As we age, some of us go through social isolation, meaning that we do not have any kind of contact with anyone, whether it is by not going out or not wanting anyone to visit. Social isolation brings depression in the elderly which is why many elderly are taking antidepressants to lift up their moods along with other medicine. Sometimes the cause of social isolation can be because of the death of their significant other, lost of income due to retiring, not getting enough money which can be the reason why the elderly people are in poverty. Elderly women especially tends to hide poverty and keep it to themselves, they do not want anyone to know because of their personal pride, they want to remain independent, not having to depend on family members for survival needs. Care giving A caregiver gives care to anyone that is unable to care for themselves. When an elderly becomes unable to care for his or herself, family members have to figure out how they are going to be able to care for him or her. Usually the daughter of the elderly person takes care of them; if not then it would probably the daughter in law. There are several aspects that are involved in taking care of the elderly. Most caregivers spend more than twenty hours per week providing care, if the elderly person that needs care is a total need, then care giving can be a twenty four hours seven days a week job, Which can be a burden on the caregiver. The caregiver provides care such as bathing, shaving, running errands such as dropping off, and picking up medication, preparing nourishing meals, doing the laundry, shopping for groceries, and etc. Many caregivers experiences mental and physical fatigue, emotional distress, and guilt over not being able to do more. The caregiver being so stressed out can sometimes abuse the elderly if the work is found to be too difficult, which can go unreported at times. Now there are many state charitable institutions where you can place the elderly such as nursing homes, adult day cares, assisted livings, hospice which depends on whether or not the elderly is terminally ill, and etc. Many people fear of placing their love one in nursing homes because, they fear the abuse that goes on in there, so therefore they can either pay a private sitter to care for their love one or they would have to give up their jobs to care for them. Lastly, death is the final stage in the life of an elderly; usually death can be from being very ill, or very old. When death occurs, family members grieve at the same time they feel a sense of relieve from having to take care of that person and having to give up their social life in order to care for that individual. My experiences: In working on, my research paper, I have learned a lot about the elderly. Something’s I may have already know because I am a certified nursing assistant, I have been working as a nursing assistant for ten years now. As a certified nursing assistant my job is to provide personal care such as bathing, shaving, shampooing hair, assisting with medicine, and running errands. Being a certified nursing assistant is a very challenging job but, it is a very rewarding job, it makes me feel good to see that I am able to make a difference in someone else’s life, and to be able to help someone. I enjoy what I do although, it is a stressful job, but just putting myself in their shoes makes me feel that it is a job worth doing. Some of the elderly people can be sweet and lovable, some can be a bit mean, and their attitudes sometimes have to do with their illness. To me I think even though it is not easy to be an elderly, having to deal with so much such as health issues, ageism, poverty, depending on other people to care for you, It is a blessing to live to be old, knowing that you have seen perhaps your third generation. References Articlebase.com (2011, Elderly care) Dictionary.com, (Aging). Retrieved August 16, 2011. http://www.everydayhealth.com http://www.righthealth.com Macionis, J.(2009)

The real food company

The real food company The real food company 1.0 Background of EAT the real food company: Eat was founded in 1996 with ambition of providing the best food, soup and coffee in London at reasonable prices. The first shop was opened at Villers street, WC2, London. At present EAT with 100 shops continue to strive for highest possible quality of food, service and shop standards in the same way they used to do since from the beginning. EATs secret of success is in their kitchen, they make all food products on their own i.e. they dont buy a single mass produced sandwich, soup or salad from any supplier. They offer variety of foods like sandwiches, soups, pies, salads, wraps, sushi, desserts, baked goods, breakfast, cold drinks juices and great coffees. 2.0 Planning process and its importance: Planning is a formalised procedure to produce an articulated result, in the form of an integrated system of decisions. The importance of planning to organisations will help in co-ordinating their activities; to make sure that their business is accounted for future and to have control on the business. Chernev (2009) describes marketing management consists of three step process and they are analysing the situation, developing an action plan and implementing the plan. Situation analysis will help in providing the overview of the company and environment in which it operates and also it helps in identifying potential markets to compete. It begins with analysing five key factors which are as follows as identified by Chernev (2009). Potential customers- Most of the EAT shops are located near offices, tourist places and transit places. So their major customers are tourists, workers and tourists visiting to London. Companys goals- EAT goal is to provide best food, soup and coffee in London at reasonable prices. Collaborators- Competitors- EAT companys potential competitors are Pret a Manger, Starbucks, McDonald and KFC. All these companies are also in the same market targeting same customers. Economic, social-cultural, technological, regulatory and physical factors- The current economic situation of the UK is under recession. Many people are unemployed and still losing their jobs. Recession has had an impact on tourist coming from different parts of the UK, as well as from other parts of the world. Social-cultural effect on EAT has had a very little impact on its business, because the type of food EAT produces suits the eat habits of most of the Londoners. Except the fact that London is multi cultural ethnicity, and among them most of the Muslim community and they do not eat non-veg food other than halal ones. According to official research collated for The Times as cited in Kerbaj (2009) Muslim population in Britain has grown by more than 500,000 to 2.4 million in just four years. Technology has had a significant effect on the EAT business, the introduction of readymade coffee machines reduced the customer waiting time and increased the productivity of the business. 3.0 Internal analysis of EAT 3.1 Mc Kinsey 7-S frame work: Mc Kinseys 7-S recognises seven important factors for internal effectiveness and efficiency of an organisation. The key elements of 7-S are as follows and is depicted in the below figure. Strategy: EAT prepares all food products in their own kitchen, and do not buy any single mass produced sandwich from any supplier. One day is the shelf life of all products for maximum freshness and quality Structure: Each EAT shop has shop manager, assistant shop manager followed by team leader, lead barista and team member. Skills: Employees of EAT are skilled in preparing delicious sandwiches, soups, pies, salads, desserts, and drinks. Moreover they are also skilled at delivering great customer services. Staff: EAT staff get training in their academy, and recognised for doing a great job. They are further encouraged to improve on personal development. All these factors motivate the employees and increases their productivity and loyalty to organisation. Style: EAT is adopting team management style in Blake and Mouton managerial grid as cited in Mullins (2005) which gives equally high concern to productivity as well as to the staff. This type of management style is the best in the business. Systems: EAT follows the system of delivering best quality food, along with it providing friendly and fun experience to every customers. Shared values: EAT believes in honest, simple and natural work space environment providing quality food and great customer service. 3.2 Advantages and disadvantages of Mckinsey 7-S Advantages: This tool covers the almost every aspect of the business and all major parts of the firm. This tool helps in analysing the internal situation of the organisation. This tool helps in implementing the organisational changes once the organisation has understood its internal situation. Disadvantages: A detailed case study on the firm is required to analyse it using this tool. This tool does not consider about the external factors influencing the organisation and presents only of the internal situation of firm. All the 7-S of Mckinsey are interrelated and if any one element is changed it affects others as well. 4.0 External analysis of EAT 4.1 PEST analysis 4.1.1 Political factors: Elections will be held before May 2010 and new government may alter the environmental rules which will have low impact on the organisation. Labour government might win the upcoming elections, and increase the basic pay rise of an employee which will have high impact on the firm. Customer protection law has a great impact on the firm especially for service and hospitality organisation. EAT has to ensure that it provides sufficient information about the food they produce and its ingredient. 4.1.2 Economical factors: Current market is struggling with recession; many people have lost the jobs and still losing it. It has negative impact on the firm. The firm has to pay tax for the government. 4.1.3 Social factors: London is a multi ethnic city, so eating habits of the people differs from person to person. This factor has a medium impact on the firm. Lifestyle of the people has a great impact on the firm. Now a days people like to carry their food along with them, rather than sitting and eating in the restaurant. Considering the fact that Muslim population in Britain has grown by more than 500,000 to 2.4 million in just four years, according to official research collated for The Times as cited in Kerbaj (2009). This factor has a medium impact on the firm. 4.1.4 Technological factors: Technology has been evolving and there is no end for it, introduction of readymade coffee machine have had a great impact on sales reducing the customer waiting time. Internet has a strong impact on the business helping customers to know about the locations of EAT braches near to place where they live or work. Also they get to know about the variety of products they make. 4.2 Advantages and disadvantages of PEST analysis: Advantages: This tool helps in determining the external factors which have positive and negative impact on the firms growth. This tool helps in identifying its business survival according to the surroundings. This tool is simple and only costs time to do. Disadvantages: This tool tells focuses only on the external environmental analysis based on assumptions. But in reality assumptions may go wrong and strategy is not of worth. This tool covers only external environment, but the results to need to be considered along with other factors for example firm itself, competitors and type of industry in which it is operating. Changes in the environment make this tool difficult to implement developments and it will affect the firm in the future. 4.2 Porters five forces Industry rivalry: EAT is in food industry sector where in, there are lot of other big competitors like Pret a manger, Star bucks coffee, McDonalds and KFC. These companies are also well settled in the business and have good market share. So industry rivalry among the competitors is high because of too many competitors in the same market. Supplier power: The supplier has a low bargaining power with firm because, because there are lot of suppliers producing the same raw materials for the food industry sector. Buyer power: Since EAT business is retail one the buyer power has less influence on its business. On the contrary, care should be taken to deliver quality food and great customer service if not it brings bad reputation to the business. The effect of it will be losing customers in large proportion. New entrants: It is very difficult for a new entrant to start business in the same industry as EAT is doing. Because since EAT is in hospitality sector, it takes years to get recognised with quality food and great customer service. Threat of substitutes: Now a days people are turning to readymade packed foods which are convenient to carry to their work places or homes. Because of recession as the prices of packed foods are cheap they are attracted to them. Advantages of porters five forces: This tool helps in identifying the profitability of a new product or business. It helps in identifying who has better power buyer or supplier. Disadvantages of porters five forces: It does not account the rapid changes that are happening in present world, so even a new entrant can come with some new methods and straight away make profits. 5.0 SWOT analysis Strengths Skills of employees. Strategy of firm. Trained employees in cooking delicious foods and delivering great customer service. Wide range of food products in menu. Brand reputation doesnt allow new entrants to succeed immediately. Opportunities Joint ventures with supermarkets to increase the market share. Introduction of online order and delivery systems. Introduction of low priced food products consisting of only basic ingredients. Weakness High priced food products. Limited funds available to expand the business. Inconsistence of quality and service across all branches. Threats Recession has had an impact on the business. Changing eat habits of the people. Similar products offered by other companies at low price. 6.0 Ansoff matrix: The EAT can make profits by stepping into product development by adopting one of the two strategies introducing online delivery system to their products gives tough competition to Pret a manger that are already in the same business. Because there are some factors which are in favour of this purpose and they are weather conditions may hamper the interest of going to restaurants and some people want to enjoy their meals at their residence itself. The second strategy EAT can adopt is introduction of low priced food products. According to Farnham (2009) most of the people are abandoning restaurants and are turning to low priced food products because of recession. EAT can turn to low priced food range by reducing the number of ingredients but not all comprising with quality or service. 7.0 Marketing Mix elements Product: According to Chernev (2009) a product should have certain features that make it unique in the market. EATs products are known for its delicious and high quality, but introduction of Halal foods in their menu will attract handsome of customers to their restaurant. As we have discussed in the external environment analysis, London is a multi ethnicity city and in it Muslim population is increasing day by day. It has grown to more than 500,000 to 2.4 million in just four years Kerbaj (2009). Price: EATs food price has had a significant effect on the customer behaviour, as majority of them were abandoning the restaurants and are turning to basic foods with less ingredients in it. Because of recession many people are losing their jobs and reducing their level of expenditure and trying to save money. Introduction of low priced foods with less ingredients but not comprising with quality of food will help in attracting the customers. Place: Most of the EAT shops are located near commercial places, tourist places and transit places which are easily accessible places by people. However to increase further sales of the firm, it is suggestible to implement online order and delivery systems with the help of internet technology. In this way it can target the customers who are of big families and like to have meals at their premises itself. Promotion: EAT has to promote its brand in one of the fastest way of communication channels. By advertising in the daily news paper, radio channels, local television channels in London, internet and by leaflet distribution it has chances of promoting its new products in the market. References Chernev, A. (2009) Strategic marketing management 5th edition. Bright star media, Inc.: Chicago, USA. Eat (2009a) www.eat.co.uk [online] available from: http://www.eat.co.uk/pages/facts.html [accessed on: 26 November 2009] Farnham, J. (2009) Recession bites into eating habits, June [online] available from: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/8124352.stm [accessed on : 24 November 2009] Doyle, P. and Stern, P. (2006) Marketing management and strategy 4th edition. Pearson education ltd.: Harlow, England. Fifield, P. (2007) Marketing strategy: The difference between marketing and markets. 3rd edition. Elsevier ltd: London, UK. Kerbaj, R. (2009) www.timesonline.co.uk January 30 2009 [online] available from: http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article5621482.ece [accessed on: 01 December 2009]

Merchant of Venice Essay: The True Nature of Venetian Society

The idea of mercy is important in The Merchant of Venice because it provides a focus for the contrast between Venetian Christian society and the alien invader, represented by Shylock. Mercy occupies a "central" position in the trial scene (IV.i.), where the power struggle between aristocratic Venetian society and the threatening force Shylock comes to a climax. My thesis is that the contrast between (and equation of) mercy and revenge in the trial scene reveals the true nature of Venetian society as insecure , hypocritical and vengeful. Mercy is clearly of greatest importance to the Christians in this text. It is only mentioned in the trial scene by two characters--the Duke (3 times) and Portia, in her guise as the lawyer Balthazar, (10 times). Mercy is significantly never mentioned by Shylock, implying either that he does not believe in it, or that he sees a hidden motive behind the Christians' insistence that he should be merciful to Antonio. By looking at what mercy means to the Christians and how they use it in the trial scene, I will try to show how it acts as a mirror for their true value system. Mercy can be defined as "kind and considerate treatment that you show to someone, especially when you forgive them or do not punish them." It is a Christian value associated with the New Testament, thus contrasting with Shylock's Old Testament religion and its image of a more stern and vengeful God. In the first half of the trial mercy and revenge are contrasted. The Duke appeals to Shylock to be merciful as if he shared their Christian values-- Shylock the world thinks, and I think so too, That thou but leadest this fashion of thy malice To ... ...is required to become a Christian. Shylock feels he might as well be dead-- Nay, take my life and all, pardon not that,- You take my house, when you do take the prop That doth sustain my house: you take my life When you do take the means whereby I live. IV.i.370-373. To the Christians, then, mercy has different meanings and uses in this trial scene. It is used to try to tempt Shylock to recognize Christian values as superior to his own, to tempt him with the delusion of power if he accepts them, and when he refuses, to crush him and take away all his economic, religious and racial power. This abuse of mercy also reveals Venetian society to be greedy for power, hypocritical in its use of Christian values for secular aims, and vengeful. Mercy, and its uses and misuses, is revealed as having a power far greater than is at first apparent. Merchant of Venice Essay: The True Nature of Venetian Society The idea of mercy is important in The Merchant of Venice because it provides a focus for the contrast between Venetian Christian society and the alien invader, represented by Shylock. Mercy occupies a "central" position in the trial scene (IV.i.), where the power struggle between aristocratic Venetian society and the threatening force Shylock comes to a climax. My thesis is that the contrast between (and equation of) mercy and revenge in the trial scene reveals the true nature of Venetian society as insecure , hypocritical and vengeful. Mercy is clearly of greatest importance to the Christians in this text. It is only mentioned in the trial scene by two characters--the Duke (3 times) and Portia, in her guise as the lawyer Balthazar, (10 times). Mercy is significantly never mentioned by Shylock, implying either that he does not believe in it, or that he sees a hidden motive behind the Christians' insistence that he should be merciful to Antonio. By looking at what mercy means to the Christians and how they use it in the trial scene, I will try to show how it acts as a mirror for their true value system. Mercy can be defined as "kind and considerate treatment that you show to someone, especially when you forgive them or do not punish them." It is a Christian value associated with the New Testament, thus contrasting with Shylock's Old Testament religion and its image of a more stern and vengeful God. In the first half of the trial mercy and revenge are contrasted. The Duke appeals to Shylock to be merciful as if he shared their Christian values-- Shylock the world thinks, and I think so too, That thou but leadest this fashion of thy malice To ... ...is required to become a Christian. Shylock feels he might as well be dead-- Nay, take my life and all, pardon not that,- You take my house, when you do take the prop That doth sustain my house: you take my life When you do take the means whereby I live. IV.i.370-373. To the Christians, then, mercy has different meanings and uses in this trial scene. It is used to try to tempt Shylock to recognize Christian values as superior to his own, to tempt him with the delusion of power if he accepts them, and when he refuses, to crush him and take away all his economic, religious and racial power. This abuse of mercy also reveals Venetian society to be greedy for power, hypocritical in its use of Christian values for secular aims, and vengeful. Mercy, and its uses and misuses, is revealed as having a power far greater than is at first apparent.

Imagination and Realism in Hamlet :: GCSE English Literature Coursework

Imagination and Realism in Hamlet      Ã‚  Ã‚   Shakespeare’s tragic drama Hamlet is a composite of poetic and realistic elements. Which predominates? This paper analyzes the presence of both realism and imagination.    Richard A. Lanham in â€Å"Superposed Plays† discusses the poetic or imaginative side of Hamlet:    The real doubt comes when we ask, â€Å"What poetic do we bring to the Hamlet play?† As several of its students have pointed out, it is a wordy play. Eloquence haunts it. Horatio starts the wordiness by supplying a footnote from ancient Rome in the first scene, by improving the occasion with informative reflections. Everybody laughs at Polonius for his moralizing glosses but Hamlet is just as bad. Worse. Gertrude asks him, in the second scene, why he grieves to excess and he gives us a disquisition on seeming and reality in grief. The King follows with h is bravura piece on grief. Everybody moralizes the pageant. The Hamlet play abounds with triggers for straight revenge-tragedy response. The whole â€Å"mystery† of Hamlet’s hesitant revenge boils down to wondering why he doesn’t go ahead and play his traditional part, complete with the elegant rants we know he can deliver. (89)    The real battle in the play between imagination and realism is forcefully presented by another literary critic. Harold Goddard’s essay, â€Å"Hamlet: His Own Falstaff,† highlights this battle in the play:    Hamlet, the conclusion is, is a failure because the materials Shakespeare inherited were too tough and intractable. Too tough and intractable for what? That they were too tough and intractable for a credible historical picture may be readily granted. But what of it? And since when was poetry supposed to defer to history? Two world wars in three decades ought to have taught us that our history has not gone deep enough. But poetry has. The greatest poetry has always depicted the world as a little citadel of nobility threatened by an immense barbarism, a flickering candle surrounded by infinite night. The â€Å"historical† impossibility of Hamlet is its poetical truth, and the paradox of its central figure is the universal psychology of man. (14)    The play opens on the ramparts of Elsinore castle – a very realistic setting. But very soon the imaginative element of a ghost, the likeness of dead King Hamlet, makes its appearance before Barnardo, Marcellus and Horatio. Mysteriously, it says nothing, prompting Horatio and Marcellus to leave in search of Hamlet, the prince and their friend, who might be able to interpret this spectral figure. Imagination and Realism in Hamlet :: GCSE English Literature Coursework Imagination and Realism in Hamlet      Ã‚  Ã‚   Shakespeare’s tragic drama Hamlet is a composite of poetic and realistic elements. Which predominates? This paper analyzes the presence of both realism and imagination.    Richard A. Lanham in â€Å"Superposed Plays† discusses the poetic or imaginative side of Hamlet:    The real doubt comes when we ask, â€Å"What poetic do we bring to the Hamlet play?† As several of its students have pointed out, it is a wordy play. Eloquence haunts it. Horatio starts the wordiness by supplying a footnote from ancient Rome in the first scene, by improving the occasion with informative reflections. Everybody laughs at Polonius for his moralizing glosses but Hamlet is just as bad. Worse. Gertrude asks him, in the second scene, why he grieves to excess and he gives us a disquisition on seeming and reality in grief. The King follows with h is bravura piece on grief. Everybody moralizes the pageant. The Hamlet play abounds with triggers for straight revenge-tragedy response. The whole â€Å"mystery† of Hamlet’s hesitant revenge boils down to wondering why he doesn’t go ahead and play his traditional part, complete with the elegant rants we know he can deliver. (89)    The real battle in the play between imagination and realism is forcefully presented by another literary critic. Harold Goddard’s essay, â€Å"Hamlet: His Own Falstaff,† highlights this battle in the play:    Hamlet, the conclusion is, is a failure because the materials Shakespeare inherited were too tough and intractable. Too tough and intractable for what? That they were too tough and intractable for a credible historical picture may be readily granted. But what of it? And since when was poetry supposed to defer to history? Two world wars in three decades ought to have taught us that our history has not gone deep enough. But poetry has. The greatest poetry has always depicted the world as a little citadel of nobility threatened by an immense barbarism, a flickering candle surrounded by infinite night. The â€Å"historical† impossibility of Hamlet is its poetical truth, and the paradox of its central figure is the universal psychology of man. (14)    The play opens on the ramparts of Elsinore castle – a very realistic setting. But very soon the imaginative element of a ghost, the likeness of dead King Hamlet, makes its appearance before Barnardo, Marcellus and Horatio. Mysteriously, it says nothing, prompting Horatio and Marcellus to leave in search of Hamlet, the prince and their friend, who might be able to interpret this spectral figure.

Religion Support And Education Essay -- essays research papers fc

Religion Support and Education As it stands, we are the transition stage. We have no structure, there is no black and white, we live in a clouded time. All questions are being answered again, because the past is no longer the present. No person knows if our corrections are correct, but they do know it is what the majority wants. The question which is rarely looked at, and that will be looked at in this paper, is the effects which this transition is having on society. This paper is going to attempt to reveal the results, of the removal of religious education and support. The literature involved is going to display the direct, and indirect effects, of not being brought up to believe a certain religion, but to choose your own, no matter what it is. The past beliefs on religious support and education are displayed in the words of Aristotle; "Moral virtues come from habit... The habits we form from childhood make no small difference, but rather they make all the difference." 1 Our society has decided that the habits referred to by Aristotle, do not matter, when involving religion. Statistics tend to show a different result than what our present society feels. This paper is dealing with several different valid sources, which mesh together to make a collective statement. This statement is that the lack of religious support is one of the main reasons why society and its morals are decreasing. World Vision of Canada has published as of November 1993 statistics dealing with the attendance of church and youth, which states; Canada's church attendance, in all denominations has decreased by twenty-five percent in adults and fifteen percent in youth. In Britain Adult attendance is down ten percent and youth attendance is down nine percent. In France the adult attendance is down thirteen percent, statistics for youth where not available. Australia's adult attendance has decreased twenty-seven percent, and the youth attendance was not available. The most considerable changes have occurred in the United States were fourty-one percent of the adult attendance has decreased, and thirty-five percent of the youth attendance has decreased. 2 These statistics display the implications of the removal of religious education ... ...r society is suffering. But- it states that the absence of religion in our society is a contributing factor. Because- religion promotes such values, as marriage and commitment, while disapproving of such things as suicide and abortion. BIBLIOGRAPHY Context. Mississauga, Ont: Marc Canada, 1993. FRC. (http://frc.org/townhall/frc/press/121995c.html). "Divorce Issues". 1995. FRC. (http://www.townhall.com/townhall/FRC/infocus/if95c4wl.html). "Abortion Statistics".1995. Korman, Sheila K and Leslie Gerald R. The Family In Social Context(Sixth Edition). Toronto, Ont: Oxford University Press, 1985. O' Bireck, Gary M. Not A Kid Anymore. Toronto, Ont: Nelson Canada, 1996. Waters, F. W. The Way In The Way Out. Toronto, Ont: Oxford University Press, 1967. ENDNOTES 1 Not A Kid Anymore. (Toronto; Nelson Canada, 1996) p.87. 2 Context. (Mississauga; Marc Canada, 1993) p. 32 3 Ibid. p. 47. 4 Ibid. p. 47. 5 Ibid. p. 52. 6 Ibid. p. 67. 7 Not A Kid Anymore. (Toronto; Nelson Canada, 1996) p.95. 8 Abortion Satistics. (http://www.townhall.com/townhall/frc/infocus/if95c4wl.html, 1995.) 9 Ibid. 10 Divorce Issues. (http://frc.org/townhall/frc/press/121995c.html, 1995.)

Poes Lost Love, Poetry Paper

ENG 102 March 19, 2013 Poe’s Lost Love When first reading â€Å"Annabel Lee† by Edgar Allan Poe, there’s a sense of love that you can feel realistically and immediately. Edgar Allan Poe is one of the most famous poets of the 19th century. Poe is considered to be the father of modern detective stories and highly admired. The dark gruesome images that Poe depicts are what makes readers love his work. He paints a clear picture and uses that setting to his advantage in each of his dark tales. In â€Å"Annabel Lee† he writes a happy yet dark poem using the elements of imagery, symbolism and tone to show his permanence of true love.Edgar Allan Poe is the most famous poet in his genre of dark, gruesome mystery. â€Å"Poe had a difficult upbringing, fraught with illness, loss and poverty. † (Giammarco online 01/2013). Poe’s parents both died when he was the age of two, which left him orphaned. Poe was also poverty stricken most of his life and could not even finish college due to the lack of funds. After college, â€Å"he briefly attended West Point Military Academy and served briefly in the U. S. Army. † (Delbanco, Cheuse 291) Poe then married his thirteen year old cousin who contracted tuberculosis, which took the life of his mother and father as well.These events probably triggered his dark sense of writing influencing his famous poems such as â€Å"The Raven†, â€Å"Tell Tale Heart†, â€Å"Annabel Lee† and many more. Poe was very talented, not by just writing poems and stories, but he worked for many newspapers and magazines as well. Poe passed away at the young age of 40, with his death a mystery. (Delbanco, Cheuse 291) The poem â€Å"Annabel Lee† is about a beautiful, painful memory. A childhood love was abruptly brought to an end when Annabel Lee passes away. Poe wants you to know in this story that it is a great love, not just a childhood fling. â€Å"But we loved with a love that was more than love† (9).This love is so great that even the angels are jealous of this, which is why he believes they took his love away. His love is so strong for this girl that he lays down every night by the dead body in the tomb. â€Å"I lie down by the side / Of my darling, my darling, my life and my bride† (38-39). This is poem turns when his true love dies and steps into his point of view in his dark world. â€Å"Annabel Lee† is a six line, six stanza ballad. A ballad is a type of poem that is intended to be recited or sung. A ballad poem â€Å"tells a lively or tragic story in simple sample† (Delbanco, Cheuse 796).In the poem â€Å"Annabel Lee†, Poe makes his story feel very realistic, almost as if you were the one who lost your love. In each set of stanzas, Poe sets up a pattern of rhymes. Also, he sets a pattern of a long line followed by a short line and so on. But in a few spots he switches it up. Poe was very talented when it came to setti ng. The first tactic that he uses in â€Å"Annabel Lee† was imagery. Imagery is the things that are seen, or imagined. Imagery is visually or figurative language used to create lyrical emotion. In â€Å"Annabel Lee† Poe refers to a kingdom by the sea over and over again.This help creates a picture of a time and place a long time ago and makes his love seem more mysterious. He also uses imagery when describing â€Å"That the wind came out of the cloud, chilling / And killing my Annabel Lee† (25-26) putting a vast picture in our head that is merely a sickness taking over her body. The second strategy that Edger Allan Poe uses is symbolism. Symbolism is practice of representing things by symbols, or with a symbolic meaning. Poe talks about â€Å"For the moon never beams without bringing me dreams† (34) which is a symbol for the character not being able to sleep at night without dreaming of his love.In this poem Poe also talks about a highborn kinsman. This i s a symbol for everyone who doesn’t understand his love for this girl and just thinks that they were young. Poe was a very talented man. Although he never was a rich famous man while he lived, his dark gruesome tales are known by everybody today. His skills of using symbolism and imagery in â€Å"Annabel Lee† have made it one of his more well known poems. Many people believe that his inspiration for this poem was the death of his wife. â€Å"Annabel Lee† is a great love poem that came out of the dark mind of Poe and will always remain a classic.

Proposal

Design requirements of an efficient solar thermal collector Incorporated Into excellent hot water systems: Detailed analysis of the irradiative and convective heat transfers Introduction: With the increasing problems associated with the fossil fuel related energy production, exploration and efficient utilization of renewable energy Is the key to have a sustainable energy future.Solar energy Is the main source of a clean and renewable energy, and collecting solar power as thermal energy Is becoming increasingly important especially at this time when there is increasing emphasis on enable energy and the cost of conventional power generation is increasing. Currently, solar thermal panels are becoming more and more popular because they can be placed on many buildings and common places, collecting and converting solar energy Into thermal energy, and supplying thermal energy through hot water systems.However, how to make solar energy collection and utilization more efficient is still a maj or problem. Literature Review: The solar thermal collector is the device that absorbs the incoming solar radiation, inverts it Into heat, and transfers this heat into fluid flowing through the collector. Thus, solar thermal collectors are special kind of heat exchangers that transform solar radiation energy to Internal energy of the transport medium. In recent years, many researches have been aimed to investigate and enhance the thermal efficiency of different kind of solar thermal collectors.Fernando-Garcia et al. Reviewed the parabolic-trough collectors and their Incorporation Into practical applications such as electricity generation and domestic hot water and space heating. Doughier et al. [2] researched the performance optimization of a solar water heater flat plate collector. Giuliani et al. Optimized solar water heating system through water replenishment. In addition, Caner et al. [4] used artificial neural network as a new method to conduct the thermal performance analysis s o as to obtain a more accurate result.Nonetheless, many questions remain unanswered. For example, incorporate an efficient solar thermal collector into existing hot water systems? What analyses should we do in order to design an efficient solar thermal collector? What approaches may we use for such analyses? Proposed Research: The Computational Fluid Dynamics (CUFF) has been applied to many practical engineering problems including CUFF modeling to analyses energy efficiency involving heat transfer, convection, thermal radiation and energy storage.CUFF related research projects being conducted by He's group across a broad selection of topics. For example, they reported that in the air conditioning industry chilled water storage systems are one form of cool thermal storage technology that can be used to time haft the electrical load of the system from the peak day periods to off peak night time periods[5]. Therefore, CUFF simulation and modeling should significantly help us finding an swers to the above questions and contributing to the improvement of the efficiency of solar energy collection, storage and utilization.As a senior student majoring in Thermal Energy and Power Engineering, I have a solid knowledge background on Heat Transfer, Thermodynamics, Fluid Mechanics, and CUFF. I have also had real world internships such that during my internship at XX, I acquired an amount of knowledge on the research of the solar water heater in buildings. In addition, the project XX that I am currently doing enables me to use CUFF well, and helps me understand the overall concept and process of how to conduct a research. Furthermore, I have communicated with XX, and has agreed to help me and guide me in my research project.The main objective of this proposed research is to evaluate the design requirements of an efficient solar thermal collector supported by detailed analysis of the irradiative and convective heat transfers. Detailed analyses of the irradiative and convectiv e heat transfers will be conducted, and the design requirements of an efficient solar thermal collector will be evaluated. With the results obtained through detailed analyses and evaluations, the research will aim to design, construct and test the requirements of efficient solar thermal collectors that are incorporated into existing hot water systems. Proposal Hotel International and the Roaring Dragon Hotel alma Student Sullivan university MGM 510 Executive Summary This proposal provides a roadman toward Improving communications between the Hotel International (HI), a global hotelier, and the management control of the Roaring Dragon Hotel (3RD), one of the original three-star hotels in southwest China and a state owned enterprise (Grainier, 2008).Failure to recognize cultural norms and the relationship between employees, customers, and contractors will result in dramatic failure of modernization and an effective business plan (Grainier, 2008). Introduction: Management Control Takeover The management control takeover of the Roaring Dragon Hotel (3RD). One of the original three-star hotels in southwest China had a direct impact on the hotel's employees, its popularity among current customers, and generating profit. 3RD is a state owned enterprise located in southwest China by Hotel International (HI), a global hotelier (Grainier, 2008).McNa lly (2011) observed, â€Å"Over the past thirty years China has witnessed a gradual transition towards a capitalist political economy with an emphasis on capital accumulation, market competition, and International economic Integration† (p. 1). Background: Deployment of corporate Governance and Global Marketing The provincial government was concerned that the hotel would not meet their potential and needed modernization. The current general manager, Titan Went, focused more on the security of its employees and not the hotel's profit margin.The state negotiated new management hoping to drive increased revenue (Grainier, 2008). Currently, the 3RD had a great reputation. â€Å"Since the early sass it had enjoyed a long, colorful history and reputation as the region's premium guesthouse† (Grainier, p. 1). Problem: Organizational culture There was a deep division separating the organization cultures of RED and HI. The HI business strategy and environment went against the cur rent guan-based or Influence-based organizational culture. Guan Is the Chinese word describing Chinese business.The culture at 3RD promoted social business relations, drinking and eating etiquette, exchanging gifts and donations for favors. RED employees have a strong psychological need associated with receiving and giving â€Å"perks† that is tied their self-identification. These interpersonal relationships with each other and customers are relatable to both partnerships and friendships (Yuan & Allele, 2007). In addition, 3RD employees were excited to work for the hotel because it showed they had achieved status based on the strength of their social connections.3RD was not as worried about the hotel's decline in popularity, revenue, or in delivering quality service standards. 3RD also had a long nepotistic history tied to the Guiana culture (Grainier, 2008). HI considered the networks of influence irrelevant and changed non-productive behaviors. New performance standards wer e enacted and employees unwilling to meet these new standards were fired. HI also began processing scheduled redundancy program. Once a place considered as secure employment, became uncertain and untrustworthy.This caused a deep division separating organizational cultures between RED and HI (Grainier, 2008). Another concern was the lose of important contracts. Nu If Travel was unsatisfied with the new pricing structures and canceled all future tours. This caused a reduction in revenue and also made competition look more favorable for unhappy employees. The conditions at 3RD continued to deteriorated with the loss of industry contacts and Guiana connections (Grainier, 2008).Opportunities: Satisfied Employees & Success HI has the business strategy to promote efficiency in the hotel's domestic management style and processes, thereby increasing income and popularity if they recognize the risk of alienating the current organizational culture. A healthy balance should be addressing all th e concerns from both parties (Grainier, 2008). Robertson wrote, â€Å"people form personal intentions to achieve a variety of desired outcomes, and are satisfied with their Job to the extent that they perceive these goals will be successfully attained† (2009).By improving communications, HI has the opportunity to promote efficiency and improve processes at 3RD with the help of the employees. Recommendation: Open Communications HI should give special consideration to address changes in culture and conditions within 3RD with open communications between HI management, 3RD employees, contractors, and the public (Grainier, 2008). Addressing concerns and anticipating current customers' needs and expectations will help the â€Å"gradual transition towards a capitalist political economy with an emphasis on capital accumulation, market competition, and international economic integration† (McNally, p. ). Communicate hanged, train new employees, inform contractors, and especially listen to your customers and the public (Grainier, 2008). Want, D (1999) asserted, â€Å"Guiana practices have played an important role in China's capitalist transition, making them an indispensable element of any conceptualization of Chinese capitalism† (as cited in McNally, p. 7). Friendship, trust, honesty, influences offer a more direct and open communication style. By nurturing relationships already established and identifying critical industry contacts, HI can positively establish themselves in the China market (McNally, 2011) (Grainier, 2008). Proposal They published their products in faceable and customer can order through sending message or phonically or else vaults the store. Is hassle for the customer to go their store especially if their house Is far from the store. It is not convenient to the customer to talk in phone to ask about the products and also it makes hassle to the owner to explain the product one by one. Imagine how many customer will call in one day to ask about the product so it's really makes hassle. The company need computerizing system in order to manage their time and also customer can read/view the product so they don't need to make a call to ask the owner to explain the product one by one.It also a big benefits to the store to Increase he sales. Through Online Ordering System it can minimize the time for the customer and the owner. Let organized and meet the needs of customers more efficiency and reliable. Customer can order anytime they want. Statement of the Problem The problem was lacking of online websi te system. The Barbara Pearl has no specific software that help customer In ordering through online _ The Barbara Pearl manage their business manually especially in taking customers order. More hassle to the customer to order especially if they are far from the store.Objectives of the Study To Increase speed of service, sales volume and customers satisfaction To enable customers to know the all beauty products of Barbara Pearl before ordering To increase level of accuracy To be able to stand out from competitors by automating daily operations which will give the beauty product providers the opportunity to increase sales To reduce time wasting by eliminating long queues To develop orders for faster and reliable transaction and process Significance of the Study This project is designed to provide an easy access of customers in getting their orders.The researchers will create an online Ordering system for Barbara Pearl Cosmetics that will help the company to increase more customers and make the procedure of ordering much easier. Scope and limitation of the Study Cosmetics since they are still using a manual system in their transactions, payments and even in generating reports. As for the Members, the system will provide an area wherein they can view and manage their orders. They can also request for tracking status provided that they purchased an item. Unlike the members, the guest can only browse the website but no transactions can be held unless they would register. Proposal This document is a proposal for the â€Å"Online Notice Board System† as a major project for my partial fulfillment of the course of Bachelors in Information Technology. The system will be a client-server model and also web-based to facilitate easy access to all clients regard less of where they are and also of the machines they are using. I will also try to integrate the system from the computer desktop program into a mobile application app such as Android and Windows mobile.A motherboard is a wooden or even metal boards where people can leave public assuages, e. G advertise things to buy or sell, events or even memos. My aim in this project is to ease and make information dissemination much easier in a paperless institution such as Await Tablet University College. I intend to focus on Await Tablet University College whereby the software will major be used for Administration purposes. It is intended to support the existing method by which notices and memos are posted in the U niversity environment. Many University and institutions, particularly UTC rely on the wooden motherboard hanging on a wall to display announcement, I. At the library, outside each hostel, at the department offices and also at the administration offices. Many students and staffs face the following problems: 1 . Struggle to check a sing notice board e. G Exam results 2. Destroyed memos and lot of information lost leaving many students uninformed 3. Unregulated display of information (any person can develop a memo and display on the notice board) This project looks at the above problems and try to come up with a solution.Develop a software with a client and server side so as to develop the digital notice board DON) program that will be installed in various computers that a re connected within the Local Area Network of the university compound so as to help spread the information displayed in the notice board faster. 1 . Check the current form of displaying information 2. Develop the Onl ine Notice Board for UTC 3. Test the program with real data. Has UTC implemented the system in its environment? Will UTC adopt the system being developed? How the system will be implemented. Feedback from students and staffs of UTC

Mun,delegate of australia

The delegate of Australia Is very excited to collaborate with delegates and participate In this prestigious conference. Today our delegation Is here to discuss two of the most aggravating issues in the world. It is a great concern to our people, and we are sure that it is a great concern to the entire world as well. The house is here to firstly discuss the Rebuilding South Sedan's Economy, following its Recent Independence and Ongoing Conflict with Sudan.As a new nation, South Sudan is building some of TTS institutions from the very start, with core administrative structures and mechanisms of political representation beginning to emerge. The Government Is still struggling to provide basic services for the majority of the population. Since the country independence in July 201 1, high inflation has been affecting the economy, which remains relatively undeveloped. Secondly, the HIVE virus, most commonly known as AIDS. AS all of you are aware, Eliminating Stigma and Discrimination Agains t those Infected with HIVE/.They tend too suffers from a tremendous lack of lath care, which accelerates the population's death rate. The HEADWINDS is affecting 1. 1 million people in the country,therefore they are forced to leave their homes and are left In poverty. CLC. Due to Its history of so many civil wars, diseases and death rates are always increasing in The widespread destruction of homes and hospitals has left children without families and many people with sicknesses and injuries. Because of the country poverty, state health facilities offer no treatment for HIVE/AIDS other than voluntary tests and council.The HEADWINDS virus acts as a significant brake on the economic growth and development of the country, since the people affected are forced to leave their Jobs. For these reasons we urge all delegates of the house to vote In favor of our resolution. TLS delegate of Australia wishes to contribute and collaborate with other delegates to solve these very urgent issues. Than k you for your attention Topic 1: after decades of brutal civil war that left two and a half million dead, the devastated and vastly underdeveloped southern part of Sudan secured Its Independence In 011.The world's youngest country came into existence amid great challenges. Secession from Sudan marked a major milestone and opportunity for South Sudanese, but the nascent state has remained fragile. During its first years of independence, an oil standoff with neighboring Sudan, inter-communal violence, persistent rebellions by splinter militia groups, increasingly constrained political space, corruption, and limited economic opportunities troubled the young nation. Then, In 2013. Power struggle within the ruling political party mutated Into an armed conflict, first on the streets of the capital city, and then across the country. South Sedan's latest war has killed thousands and displaced almost one million people. Although a cessation of hostilities agreement has since been signed, it is not being enforced. As South Sudanese seek to move forward, they have to build stable inclusive national dialogue process, security sector reform, and real accountability measures are needed to address the root causes of South Sedan's violence.Otherwise, the continued violence raises the specter of further atrocity crimes, and ungenerous destabilize consequences for the region. Industry and infrastructure in landlocked South Sudan remain limited, imposing prohibitive costs on the procurement and delivery of relief items and other operational activities. Seasonal rains and annual flooding render large parts of the country inaccessible by road between June and November. Inter-ethnic conflicts continue in various parts of the country, causing internal and cross-border displacement. In Jingle, more than 132,000 were displaced by August 2013.The rate of refugee influxes from Sudan remains considerable, with almost 6,700 individuals registered between January and August 2013 in Unity and Upper Nile states. The South Sudanese authorities continue to provide protection and safety for over 234,000 refugees in the country and have allocated land for two new refugee camps in Unity and Upper Nile States. Following the creation of the Commission for Refugee Affairs in early 2013, the authorities established a regular presence in the refugee-hosting areas, ensuring effective coordination with humanitarian actors on the ground.In a newly independent nation, parts of the population remain at risk of coming stateless by virtue of being of mixed Sudanese-South Sudanese parentage, originating from border areas, or having resided in Sudan for an extended period of time. TOPIC 2 actors that contribute to Wealds-related stigma include: HIVE/AIDS is a life-threatening disease, and therefore people react to it in strong ways. HIVE infection is associated with behaviors (such as homosexuality, drug addiction, prostitution or promiscuity) that are already stigmatize in many societi es.Most people become infected with HIVE through sex, which often carries moral baggage. There is a lot of inaccurate information about how HIVE is transmitted, creating irrational behavior and misconceptions of personal risk. HIVE infection is often thought to be the result of personal irresponsibility. Religious or moral beliefs lead some people to believe that being infected with HIVE is the result of moral fault (such as promiscuity or ‘deviant sex') that deserves to be punished. The effects of intervocalic therapy on people's physical appearance can result in forced disclosure and discrimination based on appearance

Organisational behaviour case study Essay

Introduction The main goal for any business has always been to increase profit margins. In the past the companies focused only on the number of productions and other technical issues, whereas other aspects, such as human recourses management, were not valued as of high important. These days, business environment has changed dramatically. It is believed that organisational behaviour is one of the main areas for potential improvement in order to run a sustainable business (Robbins et al 2011, p.8). This case study will examine the internal management strategies of Westpac group (Westpac), one of the four main banks in Australia. It shows how Westpac uses organisational behaviour principles to increase job satisfaction to motivate its employees. It will also explain how the company supports its employees in conflict situations and analyse the leadership styles of the bank’s Chief Executive Officer (CEO), Gail Kelly. Studies have shown that using the appropriate organisational behavioural tech niques can promote a motivated, satisfied and conflict free work force, but how does Westpac motivate its staff and how satisfied are its employees in their job roles? Job satisfaction and motivation Westpac being a large, well established company is well aware of how finding, retaining and motivating its employees can be crucial for a successful business to prosper (Westpac 2006). The company is faced with motivating employees and, in turn, generating high job satisfaction throughout all levels of the organisation (Root 2014). It can also be deduced that if employees feel job satisfaction then this, consecutively, will filter through to create a positive experience for Westpac’s customers as well. However, in order to generate a motivated workforce, Westpac must offer its employees benefits, rewards and recognition, which are a few of the key causes of job satisfaction (Robbins et al 2013, p.59-74). These motivators come in many different forms and are sometimes, specific to an employee’s needs. When motivating a person with a benefit or reward, Westpac must understand that each individual person will value a reward differently (Root 2014). For example, an employee with a young family may value paid parental leave, or a shorter working day, over a promotion or a pay increase. Westpac shows that they understand that not all employees are the same and have  differing needs by ranking first in 2013 in the annual benchmarking survey ‘Work/Life Initiatives’ for their flexible work options, offering 12 weeks paid parental leave, access to child care as well as offering flexible working hours (‘Westpac leads in satisfaction poll’ 2013). However, for another employee, a valued reward may take the shape of opportunity to move up in the company. If an employee is promoted to a role they have been striving to obtain then that promotion is a means of recognising their hard work and determination and makes the employee more motivated in their job and the company, thus generating job satisfaction (Robbins et al 2013, p.59-74), while benefiting the company too. There are many ways that Westpac generates motivation and in turn job satisfaction, however, one of these is through job enrichment (Darling 1997). This is the practice of enhancing an employee’s individual jobs and increasing responsibility which, in turn makes the job more stimulating and rewarding for the employee, by giving them more control over their work and how they perform it, promoting increased job satisfaction (Robbins et al 2013, p. 171-190). By giving employees more responsibility and control of the work they are doing increased job satisfaction, as a lack of control or stimulation is often a cause of stress and boredom, which causes a decrease in motivation. It is hard to dispute that the correct employee motivation creates job satisfaction, and in turn customer satisfaction. In 2013, Westpac surveyed its employees and 70% said they were committed to their job, moreover, in the same year Westpac came out on top of the four main banks for customer satisfaction (Bennet 2014). Westpac places great emphasis on the prevention and resolution of potential conflicts between its employees. It can also be said that by creating a more comfortable workplace for employees this will in turn contribute to the efficiency of the company’s performance as a whole. Conflict management It is difficult to imagine any workplace to be completely conflict free. First of all, workplace brings together people with different values, personality traits and people of different ages. Moreover, when there is increased pressure on employees to meet targets, complete tasks faster often with a lack of resources, tensions can arise and the work environment becomes progressively more stressful for the employees. This means that  co-workers always need to seek an appropriate way to interact with each other at work. However, it is also an issue for managers as they are responsible for comfortable communication and conflict resolution between workers. According to Robbins et al (2012 p.450), there are three main causes or sources of conflict: communication, structural factors (such as size of a group and specialisation) and personal variables (including personality, emotions and values). Examining the conflict management system of Westpac, it is fair to conclude, that the company i s more focused on the prevention of conflicts that may arise from personal variables. As an example, the company pays great attention to the rights of employees to an equal employment opportunity. Indeed, today the recruitment practices of many companies indirectly discriminate potential employees because of their race, gender, age, sexual orientation or ethnic background. One of the main strategies of Westpac is to create a balanced work environment, free of harassment and discrimination. According to Westpac (People policies 2014), the handling claims about the events of discrimination applies to all employees, customers and partners working for the company. Westpac takes all reasonable steps to prevent potential conflicts caused by such events from occurring in the workplace. The company requires all employees to undertake special discrimination/harassment trainings and requires them to be familiarised with the current discrimination and harassment policies and procedures. Two other types of personality-based conflict in the workplace are emotional-based and values-based. The ability to balance emotions and reasons, understand the interests of each other as well as the ability to maintain good communication and stay reliable can help to prevent and manage a conflict (‘Managing Conflict’ 2007, pp. 46-47). In order to maintain a comfortable work environment for the employees Westpac has created the Employee Assistance Program, which provides employees with confidential counselling on a range of issues, such as family bereavements, lack of job satisfaction, outcomes of target oriented management, stress and trauma management. Another foundation, Critical Incident Management Program, helps employees after traumatic events: personal threats in the workplace, the death of work colleagues and threats from different external events. Why is it important for the company to pay so much attention to such type of conflict? As Robbins et al (2012, p.448 ) state, relationship conflicts are  dysfunctional. It means that they have a negative impact on the work efficiency. This point of view was shared by Karim (2009, p.289), who argues that stress on the job causes lower productivity and poor performance in the organisation. As an example, managing traumatic incidents can significantly reduce employee’s absences after the event (‘Prompt trauma management can reduce employee absence’ 2007). The company aims to encourage staff members to report any wrongdoing in order to help managers to adequately manage risk and cultural issues. Examples of wrongdoing can be a breach of Westpac’s Policies and Codes, improper behaviour and safety issues. As a part of conflict management, the company has established the ‘Concern Reporting’ system (Westpac 2013). It includes an online and telephone service, which allows anonymous communication, which connects employees to trained specialists from an independent organisation. However, if the conflict has already occurred, Westpac has a number of processes to highlight issues between employees and their managers with further investigation with senior managers if the issue is not resolved. It is important to realise that the relationships between employees are very susceptible to the leadership style set in the group. Leadership styles Leadership plays an important role to maximise efficiency and to achieve organisational goals. Effective leaders have an ability to motivate and inspire employees and contribute to the great success of the company (Keskes 2014). Gail Kelly emphases the importance of setting a clear direction for an organisation and articulate all employees and other stakeholders (‘Leadership advice from the CEO of Westpac, Gail Kelly’ 2014). This style of leadership has been successful to achieve the company’s goals and visions. This achievement brought her as a charismatic leader and her charisma helps her to all employees commit to the firm and generate higher financial performance (Davidson et all 2009, pp. 386-387). Now she is ranked the 11th most powerful woman in the world and is Australian’s highest paid businesswomen. According to Goleman et all (2002), leaderships are divided by six types, namely visionary, coaching, affiliative, democratic, pacesetting and command ing.Each type of the leadership can be used apart, depending on situations. Companies spend a great deal of money on new  processes and efficiencies to increase one per cent of bottom-line profitability, but thirty per cent of the company’s bottom-line profitability is responsible by leadership style. Therefore, it is very important to use leadership styles to respond to different situations effectively. These days, dramatic changes can be seen across the financial services. Australian banks have competed for the biggest share of the home loans market. However, this competition has shifted to getting customers’ deposits. When the company pursue a new direction, visionary leadership style is the most appropriate. The objective of this style is to move people towards a new set of shared targets with clear explanation. Many companies end up with failure to changes due to slow response or when employees are not sure about the direction of the firm. One of the great successes of Westpac is that Gail Kelly uses this style effectively (‘Leader ship Styles’ 2011). Another style of leadership that is inherent to Gail Kelly is affinitive style. Affinitive style of leadership is also seen to achieve high employee satisfaction (Brook, K 2003). Westpac put the value on the importance of teamwork and the diversity of employees regardless of age, race and ability (People policies 2014). The company helps the employees’ to solve personal problems and encourages them to be more cohesive in order to create a comfortable work environment. This style of leadership is useful to enhance team harmony, increases the morale and the improvement of communication in employees, that is essential in current volatile situation in financial industry. However, affinitive leadership would be dangerous to use by itself since its emphasis’s on group work and it might promote poor performance or no future growth. For this reason, the need to combine different styles of leadership, that the company does successfully, is essential to reach the goals of the bus iness (Robbins et al 2011, p 357). Conclusion Organisational behaviour is more than just the principles of how people can work in the group together. It is a complex study that shows how the right interaction of employees can benefit the business’s effectiveness. The analysis of Westpac Group has revealed that the company endeavours to increase job satisfaction of the employees by rewarding each person correspondingly. Thus, in order, has a beneficial effect on the production  effectiveness, causing positive feelings among customers. The company appreciates the diversity among its employees and successfully manages the conflicts caused by personal problems as well as conflicts in relationships with others. The Westpac’s system of conflict management helps to prevent a potential decline in job performance and creates a comfortable work environment. The case study has also revealed that the company benefitted from the efficient use of different styles of leadership. The ability to quickly respond to the volatility in a finance sector by changing leadership styles helps Gail Kelly to lead the business successfully, enhancing team involvement and overall contribution. References Brooks, K 2003, ‘Primal Leadership: Realising the Power of Emotional Intelligence’, Human Resource Development Quarterly, 14, 2, pp. 235-238, Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 6 September 2014. Darling, K & Arn, J 1997, ‘How to effectively reward employees’, Industrial Management, 39, no. 4, Masterfile Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 8 September 2014. Davidson, P, Simon, A, Woods, P & Griffin, R 2009, Gail Kelly, bank executive – outstanding leader and manager in Management: Core Concepts and Applications, John Wiley & Sons, Milton, Queensland. ‘Dealing with Workplace Conflict’ 2006, Point For Credit Union Research & Advice, p. 19, Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 29 August 2014. Goleman, D, Boyatzis, R & McKee, A 2002, Primal leadership: Learning to lead with emotional intelligence, Harvard Business School Press, Boston, USA. Karim, N 2009, ‘Stress in Organsations: Management Strategies’, Dialogue (1819-6462) , 4, 2, pp. 286-300, Academic Search Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 25 August 2014. Keskes, I 2014, ‘Relationship between leadership styles and dimensions of employee organizational commitment: A critical review and discussion of future directions’, Intangible Capital, 10, 1, pp. 26-51, Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 10 September 2014. ‘Leadership Styles 2011’, The Wall Street Journal, pp. 1-3, viewed 9 September 2014, . ‘Leadership advice from the CEO of Westpac, Gail Kelly’ 2014, Australia Business Review, viewed 30 August 2014,